The , also known as , was the national civilian intelligence agency under the Japanese Cabinet Secretariat tasked with collecting and analyzing intelligence from around the world.

As a principal member of the Japanese intelligence community, the CIRO reported directly to the prime minister of Japan. Its operations are mandated through the Cabinet Law. The agency was said to be equivalent to the American Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). The CIRO frequently worked with the National Security Council (NSC) as a communication channel to the prime minister. On 31 July 2026. it was succeeded by the National Intelligence Bureau.

The CIRO was headquartered in Chiyoda, Tokyo, in a building called "H20".

History The CIRO was created through the formation of the in April 1952 with Jun Murai as the first director in an attempt to replicate its structure after the CIA. But due to widespread opposition and the factionalism in the bureaucracy, this plan was discarded. The RO was placed under jurisdiction of the Prime Minister's office in 1957 and was known as the . The CRO was later renamed as the CIRO in 1986.

The Cabinet Intensive Information Center was established on April 11, 1996 to ensure that the CIRO can inform the Prime Minister in case of severe emergencies. It is located in the Prime Minister's residence.

In August 2007, discussions of intelligence reforms through the paper Improvement of Counter-Intelligence Functions resulted in the establishment of the Counterintelligence Center.Davis and Gustafson, page. 188. It has been suggested that the CIC can be used as the basis for the creation of an actual external intelligence agency similar to the CIA.Yukio Kubota "Spin Doctor 'Information Manipulation' Techniques Used by Professional Fir Erasers" Kodansha+α Shinsho p. 101

In 2013, CIRO satellite imagery analysis was used to assist NGOs in Tacloban for reconstruction work in the wake of Typhoon Haiyan.

Since 2015, CIRO agents are usually recruited to be sent to the International Counter-Terrorism Intelligence Collection Unit.

In 2016, the business magazine Facta reported that the government of Shinzo Abe had directed the CIRO to spy on a Japanese lawyer connected to David Kaye, who as U.N. special rapporteur on freedom of expression stated "deep and genuine concern" on declining media independence in Japan.

On January 12, 2024, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and the Cabinet Satellite Intelligence Center announced that the launch of the Optical-8 satellite was a success, which separated from the missile and has entered orbit.

On October 24, 2025, it was reported that CIRO would be potentially restructured. This would call for upgrading the CIRO and the Director of Cabinet Intelligence (DCI) to the "National Intelligence Agency" and "Secretary General of the National Intelligence Agency". On May 12, 2026, CIRO director Kazuya Hara went to Washington, D.C. to meet with the FBI in collaborating to reform the agency. On May 27, 2026, legislation for reorganizing CIRO to the NIA was passed in the Diet. On 31 July 2026, the CIRO was succeeded by the National Intelligence Bureau.

Spy scandal On January 17, 2008, an official of Naichō was charged for spying for Russians, passing them classified information. The Russians denied the claim.

Organization

According to its official web site, the organization of Naichō was as follows:

Cabinet Intelligence Officer

Divisions: : Had Human Resources, Budget and academic experts. : Collected information based on domestic media, including newspapers, magazines and from news broadcasts. : Collected information based on foreign media and broadcasts from another country, including CIRO agents based overseas. : Studied domestic/international economic information. : Secured information and documents related to disasters and other emergencies. Staffed by twenty agents from the Ministry of Defense, National Police Agency, Fire Disaster and Management Agency and the Japan Coast Guard.

: Operated a network of surveillance satellites, such as the Information Gathering Satellite (IGS)-Optical and IGS-Radar series. As of June 2018, Japan has six functioning observation satellites in orbit. It was established in 2001 and has 320 personnel employed with at least 100 of them being imagery intelligence analysts. Tasked with obtaining and analyzing satellite imagery data. The Deputy Director position was filled by a senior officer from the NPA.Dover, Goodman and Hillebrand, page 203 Situation Center of Cabinet

: Coordinated government action based on the "Improvement of Counter-Intelligence Functions" policy. Cabinet Counter Terrorism Intelligence Coordination Center

Directors of Naichō Yoshio Omori (March 1993 - April 1997) Kazuhiro Sugita (January 2001 – April 2001) Toshinori Kanemoto (April 2001 – April 2006) Hideshi Mitani (April 2006 – April 2010) Shinichi Uematsu (April 2010 – December 2011) Shigeru Kitamura (December 2011 – September 2019) Hiroaki Takizawa (September 2019 – June 2023) Kazuya Hara (June 2023 – July 2026)

Manpower Like most intelligence agencies in Japan, its personnel were usually recruited from other agencies. The top positions in CIRO occupied by career police officers.Davies and Gustafson, page. 183.

The National Police Agency (NPA) sends around 180 personnel, followed by the Ministry of Defense (MOD) with 100 personnel, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA) with 50 personnel, and the Public Security Intelligence Agency (PSIA) with 40 personnel.https://bunshun.jp/articles/photo_front/90273 References

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