Since the 1980s, member states of the European Union have started to harmonise aspects of the designs of their ordinary passports (but not other types of passports, such as diplomatic, service and emergency passports), as well as common security features and biometrics.
Most passports issued by EU member states have the common recommended layout; burgundy in colour with the words "European Union" accompanied by the name of the issuing member state printed on the cover.
Characteristics
Overall format Paper size B7 (ISO/IEC 7810 ID-3, 88 mm × 125 mm) 32 pages (passports with more pages can be issued to frequent travellers) Colour of cover: burgundy red or blue
Cover Information on the cover, in this order, in the language(s) of the issuing state: Name of the issuing state Emblem of the state The word "PASSPORT" The biometric passport symbol:
First page Information on the first page, in one or more of the languages: Name of the issuing state The word "PASSPORT" Serial number (may also be repeated on the other pages)
Identification page Information on the (possibly laminated) identification page, in the languages of the issuing state plus English and French:
|1. Surname |2. Forename(s) |- |3. Nationality |4. Date of birth |- |5. Sex |6. Place of birth |- |7. Date of issue |8. Date of expiry |- |9. Authority |10. Signature of holder
Following page Optional information on the following page: {| |11. Residence |12. Height |- |13. Colour of eyes |14. Extension of the passport |- |15. Name at birth (if now using married name or have legally changed names)
Remaining pages The following page is reserved for: Details concerning the spouse of the holder of the passport (where a family passport is issued) Details concerning children accompanying the holder (name, first name, date of birth, sex) Photographs of the faces of spouse and children The following page is reserved for use by the issuing authorities The remaining pages are reserved for visa The inside back cover is reserved for additional information or recommendations by the issuing state in its own official language(s)
Overview of passports issued by the EU candidate states Candidate state Passport cover Visa requirements Cost Validity Issuing authority Latest version Albania 7500 ALL 5 or 10 years Ministry of the Interior 2015 Bosnia and Herzegovina 50 KM/€251 October 2014 Georgia 18 (or older): 150 ₾
Child (under 18): 75 ₾ Adult : 10 years
Child : 3 yearsMinistry of Justice10 April 2010 Moldova 650 MDL 10 years (aged 16 or older) Eliberarea pașaportului cetățeanului Republicii Moldova (PA): Informații generale 7 years (aged at least 7 and under 16) 4 years (under the age of 7 years) Public Services Agency Eliberarea pașaportului cetățeanului Republicii Moldova (PA)5 April 2023 Montenegro €40 10 years Ministry of the Interior 2008 North Macedonia 1800 MKD older than 27 1700 MKD ages 4 – 27 1600 MKD ages 0 – 4 5 or 10 years (aged 27 and older) Ministry of the Interior Издавање на патна исправа 2019 Serbia 3600 RSD 4200 RSD (if applying for replacement of a damaged passport earlier than 7 months before expiration date) 10 years Ministry of the Interior ПУТНА ИСПРАВА – ПАСОШ 13 May 2016 Turkey 3494.40 (~€96) for 6 months 4584.40 (~€126) for 1 year 6766.40 (~€187) for 2 years 9135 (~€252) for 3 years 12409 (~€342) for 4–10 years 6 months 1–10 years Ministry of the Interior25 August 2022 Ukraine Free (For citizens who have reached the age of 14 and are issuing a passport of a citizen of Ukraine for the first time) ₴450 (~ €11) within 20 working days ₴820 (~ €21) within 10 working days 4 years 10 yearsState Migration Service of Ukraine1 January 2016
Visa requirements for the nationals of EU candidate states for travel to the EEA, United Kingdom and Ireland Nationals of the candidate countries have varying visa arrangements with the Schengen Area and the Common Travel Area members, as well as with the United Kingdom and Ireland. The following table details the requirements:
State Current candidatestatus Schengen AreaAnnex IIConsolidated version of Council regulation No. 539/2001, as of 19 December 2009, 'Annex II' countries and territories Common Travel Area"Visa policy of the United Kingdom#United Kingdom visa requirements",|United Kingdom visa requirements UK and Ireland USA – ESTA Canada Visa requirements for Albanian citizens Negotiating Visa requirements for Bosnia and Herzegovina citizens Negotiating GeorgiaNot negotiating yet Visa requirements for Moldovan citizens Negotiating Visa requirements for Montenegrin citizens Negotiating Visa requirements for citizens of North MacedoniaNegotiating Visa requirements for Serbian citizens Negotiating Visa requirements for Turkish citizens Negotiating Visa requirements for Ukrainian citizens Negotiating
Current EU enlargement agenda
The enlargement of the European Union involves the accession of new member states. This process began with the Inner Six, who founded the European Coal and Steel Community (the EU's predecessor) in 1952. Since then, the EU's membership has grown to twenty-seven with the most recent expansion to Croatia in 2013 and the departure of UK in 2020.
Currently, accession negotiations are under way with several states. The process of enlargement is sometimes referred to as European integration. This term is also used to refer to the intensification of co-operation between EU member states as national governments allow for the gradual harmonisation of national laws.
To join the European Union, a state needs to fulfil economic and political conditions called the Copenhagen criteria (after the Copenhagen summit in June 1993), which require a stable democratic government that respects the rule of law, and its corresponding freedoms and institutions. According to the Maastricht Treaty, each current member state and the European Parliament must agree to any enlargement.
The present enlargement agenda of the European Union regards Ukraine, the Western Balkans and potentially Turkey, which has a long-standing application with the EU. As for the Western Balkan states, the EU had pledged to include them after their civil wars: in fact, two states have entered, three are candidates, one applied and the others have pre-accession agreements.
There are however other states in Europe which either seek membership or could potentially apply if their present foreign policy changes, or the EU gives a signal that they might now be included on the enlargement agenda. However, these are not formally part of the current agenda, which is already delayed due to bilateral disputes in the Balkans and difficulty in fully implementing the acquis communautaire (the accepted body of EU law).
Today the accession process follows a series of formal steps, from a pre-accession agreement to the ratification of the final accession treaty. These steps are primarily presided over by the European Commission (Enlargement Commissioner and DG Enlargement), but the actual negotiations are technically conducted between the Union's Member States and the candidate country.
Before a country applies for membership it typically signs an association agreement to help prepare the country for candidacy and eventual membership. Most countries do not meet the criteria to even begin negotiations before they apply, so they need many years to prepare for the process. An association agreement helps prepare for this first step.
In the case of the Western Balkans, a special process, the Stabilisation and Association Process exists to deal with the special circumstances there.
When a country formally applies for membership, the Council asks the commission to prepare an opinion on the country's readiness to begin negotiations. The council can then either accept or reject the commission's opinion (the council has only once rejected the commission's opinion when the latter advised against opening negotiations with Greece).
If the council agrees to open negotiations the screening process then begins. The commission and candidate country examine its laws and those of the EU and determine what differences exist. The Council then recommends opening negotiations on "chapters" of law that it feels there is sufficient common ground to have constructive negotiations. Negotiations are typically a matter of the candidate country convincing the EU that its laws and administrative capacity are sufficient to execute European law, which can be implemented as seen fit by the member states. Often this will involve time-lines before the Acquis Communautaire (European regulations, directives and standards) has to be fully implemented.
State Status Association Agreement Applied for Membership Candidatestatus Start ofnegotiations Acquis Chapters open/closedExcluding Chapters 34 (Institutions) and 35 (Other Issues) since these are not legislation chapters. Albania (SAA) 33/0 of 33 Bosnia and Herzegovina (SAA) – – GeorgiaCandidate1 July 2016 (AA)3 March 202214 December 2023–– Moldova (AA) 25 June 2024 5/0 of 33Montenegro (SAA)18 December 2012 33/16 of 33 North Macedonia (SAA) – Serbia (SAA) 14 December 2015 22/2 of 34 Turkey (AA) 16/1 of 33 Ukraine (AA) 25 June 2024 5/0 of 33
Gallery of EU candidate state passports
See also Future enlargement of the European Union Passports of the European Union Passports of the EFTA member states Schengen Area Common Travel Area Visa policy in the European Union United Kingdom visa requirements National identity cards in the European Economic Area European Economic Area European Free Trade Association United States visa Electronic System for Travel Authorization Visa policy of Canada List of passports
Notes
References
External links
European Passports in PRADO (The Council of the European Union Public Register of Authentic Travel and Identity Documents Online)