Fisheries science

Fisheries science is the academic discipline of managing and understanding fisheries. It is a multidisciplinary science, which draws on the disciplines of limnology, oceanography, freshwater biology, marine biology, meteorology, conservation, ecology, population dynamics, economics, statistics, decision analysis, management, and many others in an attempt to provide an integrated picture of fisheries. In some cases new disciplines have emerged, as in the case of bioeconomics and fisheries law. Because fisheries science is such an all-encompassing field, fisheries scientists often use methods from a broad array of academic disciplines. Over the most recent several decades, there have been declines in fish stocks (populations) in many regions along with increasing concern about the impact of intensive fishing on marine and freshwater biodiversity.

Fisheries science is typically taught in a university setting, and can be the focus of an undergraduate, master's or Ph.D. program. Some universities offer fully integrated programs in fisheries science. Graduates of university fisheries programs typically find employment as scientists, fisheries managers of both recreational and commercial fisheries, researchers, aquaculturists, educators, environmental consultants and planners, conservation officers, and many others.

Fisheries research Because fisheries take place in a diverse set of aquatic environments (i.e., high seas, coastal areas, large and small rivers, and lakes of all sizes), research requires different sampling equipment, tools, and techniques. For example, studying trout populations inhabiting mountain lakes requires a very different set of sampling tools than, say, studying salmon in the high seas. Ocean fisheries research vessels (FRVs) often require platforms which are capable of towing different types of fishing nets, collecting plankton or water samples from a range of depths, and carrying acoustic fish-finding equipment. Fisheries research vessels are often designed and built along the same lines as a large fishing vessel, but with space given over to laboratories and equipment storage, as opposed to storage of the catch. In addition to a diverse set of sampling gear, fisheries scientists often use scientific techniques from many different professional disciplines.

Other important areas of fisheries research are population dynamics, economics, social studies and genetics.

Notable contributors

Members of this list meet one or more of the following criteria: 1) Author of widely cited peer-reviewed articles on fisheries, 2) Author of major reference work in fisheries, 3) Founder of major fisheries journal, museum or other related organisation 4) Person most notable for other reasons who has also worked in fisheries science. Contributor Nationality Born Died Contribution Spencer F. Baird American 1823 1887 Founding scientist of the United States Fish Commission. U.S. Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries from 1871 to 1887. Fedor Baranov Russian 1886 1965 Baranov has been called the grandfather of fisheries population dynamics. The Baranov catch equation of 1918 is perhaps the most used equation in fisheries modelling. Ray Beverton English 1922 1985 Fisheries biologist known for the Beverton–Holt model (with Sidney Holt), credited with being one of the founders of fisheries science Villy Christensen Danish - Fisheries scientist and ecosystem modeller, known for his work on the development of Ecopath John N. Cobb American 1868 1930 Founder of the first college of fisheries in the United States, the University of Washington College of Fisheries, in 1919 Steven J. Cooke Canadian 1974 Academic known for contributions to recreational fisheries science, inland fisheries and Conservation Physiology David Cushing English 1920 2008 Fisheries biologist, who is credited with the development of the match/mismatch hypothesis W. Harry Everhart American 1918 1994 Fisheries scientist, educator, administrator and author of several widely used fisheries texts Rainer Froese German 1950 - Known for his work on the development and coordination of FishBase George Brown Goode American 1851 1896 Ichthyologist who organized and administered the biological and fishery development research of the United States Fish Commission and ordered and developed the taxonomic and ichthyologic work of both the Fish Commission and the Smithsonian Institution. U.S. Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries from 1887 to 1888.NOAA 200th Top Tens: History Makers: George Brown Goode: Eminent 19th Century Fish Scientist Accessed 13 November 2022 Michael Graham English 1889 1972 Known for his Great Law of Fishing, that "Fisheries that are unlimited become unprofitable." Seth Green American 1817 1888 Pioneer in fish farming who established the first fish hatchery in the United States Gordon Gunter American 1909 1998 Pioneer in fisheries research in the northern Gulf of Mexico John Halver American 1922 2012 His pioneering work on the nutritional needs of fish led to modern methods of fish farming and fish feed production. He has been called the father of fish nutrition.American Fisheries Society, National Fish Culture Hall of Fame, Spearfish, S.D. 2000. Gotthilf Hempel German 1929 - Marine biologist and oceanographer, and co-founder of the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research Walther Herwig German 1838 1912 Lawyer and promoter of high seas fishing and research Hiralal Chaudhuri Indian 1921 2014 Father of induced breeding of the Carp and also the pioneer of Blue revolution. Fisheries biologist with strong contributions in fisheries management. Ray Hilborn Canadian 1947 - Fisheries biologist with strong contributions in fisheries management Johan Hjort Norwegian 1869 1948 Known for research to determine why northern European fish populations fluctuate in abundance Bruno Hofer German 1861 1916 Fishery scientist credited with being the founder of fish pathology Sidney Holt English 1926 2019 Fisheries biologist known for the Beverton–Holt model (with Ray Beverton), credited with being one of the founders of fisheries science Uwe Kils German - Marine biologist specializing in planktology. Inventor of the ecoSCOPE Harry Macdonald Kyle Scottish 1872 1951 Ichthyologist specializing in fisheries science and one of the earliest identifiers of the concept of overfishing Robert T. Lackey Canadian 1944 - Fisheries scientist and political scientist known for his work involving the role of science in policy making Peter Anthony Larkin Canadian 1924 1996 Fisheries scientist known for his critical remarks on the concept of MSY Rosa Lee Welsh 1884 1976 One of the first UK women employed as a fisheries scientist. Known for "Rosa Lee's phenomenon," in which size-selective fishing mortality reduces the average size of older age classes Jane Lubchenco American 1947 Known for both her academic research in fisheries and related fields as well as policies implemented during her time as head of the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Leo Margolis Canadian 1927 1997 Parasitologist and head of the Pacific Biological Station in Nanaimo, British Columbia Marshall McDonald American 1835 1895 Fisheries scientist and fish culturist who invented the fish ladder and of a number of fish-hatching apparatuses. U.S. Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries from 1888 to 1895. R. J. McKay Australian Biologist and a specialist in translocated freshwater fishes Garth I. Murphy American 1922 2001 Fisheries oceanographer known for his work on the dynamics of Pacific sardine and on the importance of a broad age structure as a bed-hedging strategy in variable environments. Ransom A. Myers Canadian 1952 2007 Fisheries biologist best known for his work assessing the status of ocean fish populations Daniel Pauly French / Canadian 1946 Prominent fisheries scientist, known for his work studying human impacts on global fisheries Tony J. Pitcher - Known for work on the impacts of fishing, management appraisals and the shoaling behavior of fish Michael A. Rice American 1955 - Known for work on molluscan fisheries Bill Ricker Canadian 1908 2001 Fisheries biologist, known for the Ricker model, credited with being one of the founders of fisheries science Ed Ricketts American 1897 1948 A colourful marine biologist and philosopher who introduced ecology to fisheries science. Callum Roberts - Marine conservation biologist, known for his work on the role marine reserves play in protecting marine ecosystems Harald Rosenthal German 1937 - Hydrobiologist known for his work in fish farming and ecology Carl Safina American 1955 - Author of several writings on marine ecology and the ocean Georg Ossian Sars Norwegian 1837 1927 Marine biologist credited with the discovery of a number of new species and known for his analysis of cod fisheries Milner Baily Schaefer American 1912 1970 Notable for work on the population dynamics of fisheries Carl Schreck American 1944 - Fisheries scientist and endocrinologist known for his research on Pacific salmon Tore Schweder Norwegian 1943 - Statistician whose work includes the assessment of marine resources Oscar Elton Sette American 1900 1972 Pioneered the integration of fisheries biology with oceanography and meteorology to create fisheries oceanography and modern fisheries science. Bell M. Shimada American 1922 1958 Notable for study of tuna stocks in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Hugh McCormick Smith American 1865 1941 Ichthyologist who directed the United States Fish Commission's scientific research from 1897 to 1903 and served as its deputy commissioner from 1903 to 1913. U.S. Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries from 1913 to 1922. First director general of Thailand′s Department of Fisheries. Ussif Rashid Sumaila Nigerian - Notable for his analysis of the economic aspects of fisheries Royal D. Suttkus American 1920 2009 Founder of the Royal D. Suttkus Fish Collection, housed at Tulane University Fred M. Utter American 1931 - Characterised by NOAA as the founding father of fishery genetics, he has been influential in marine conservationHistory Makers: Honorable Mentions NOAA. Updated: 19 July 2012. Retrieved 20 August 2014. Ludwig von Bertalanffy Austrian 1901 1972 In fisheries, best known for the von Bertalanffy function Carl Walters American / Canadian1944 - Biologist known for his work involving fisheries stock assessments, the adaptive management concept, and ecosystem modeling

Journals Some journals about fisheries are

Journal of Fisheries Fishery Bulletin Fisheries Oceanography Journal of the Fisheries Research Board Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Transactions of the American Fisheries Society Fisheries Management and Ecology Fish and Fisheries Journal of Fish Biology Journal of Northwest Atlantic Fishery Science Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences The Open Fish Science Journal African Journal of Tropical Hydrobiology and Fisheries ICES Journal of Marine Science Reviews in Fisheries Science Chinese Fisheries Journal Listings General Fisheries Journal Listings

Professional societies World Council of Fisheries Societies American Fisheries Society The International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) The Fisheries Society of the British Isles The Japanese Society of Fisheries Science The Australian Society for Fish Biology

Fisheries science

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