Cocoseae is a tribe of cocosoid palms of the family Arecaceae.
Description The fruit of the Cocoseae is a modified drupe, with a sclerenchymatous epicarp and a highly developed mesocarp, formed mainly by parenchyma . The endocarp is generally sclerenchymatous and protects the seeds from predation and drying. The most obvious synapomorphy of the species of this tribe is the presence, in the endocarp, of three or more "eyes" or pores of germination. According to Thomas C. Whitmore all Cocosoid palms have inflorescences in which the flowers are in triads (sets of three flowers).
Distribution The Cocoseae are distributed mainly in the Neotropical regions, with two genera endemic to Africa (Jubaeopsis and Elaeis) and Madagascar (Beccariophoenix and Voanioala), respectively.
Phylogeny
A 2016 molecular phylogenomic analysis of the tribe Cocoseae gives the following phylogenetic tree:
Systematics
The Cocoseae in the sense of Dransfield et al. (2008) are identified as natural relatives (monophylum) in most studies. Their systematic position within the Arecoideae is still unclear. Different studies see them as a sister group of the Reinhardtieae, as a sister group of the group from Reinhardtieae and Roystoneeae, or as a sister group of the Oranieae.
The tribe is divided into three subtribes. All three are monophyletic. Bactridinae and Elaeidinae are sister groups
Genera
Subtribe Image Genus Extant species Beccariophoenicinae Beccariophoenix Beccariophoenix alfredii Rakotoarin., Ranariv. & J.Dransf. (High plateau coconut palm) Beccariophoenix madagascariensis Jum. & H.Perrier (Coastal beccariophoenix) Beccariophoenix fenestralis J. Dransfield & M. Rakotoarinivo (Giant windowpane palm) Butiinae Allagoptera Allagoptera arenaria () Kuntze (1891) Allagoptera brevicalyx M.Moraes (1993) Allagoptera campestris (Mart.) Kuntze (1891) Allagoptera caudescens (Mart.) Kuntze (1891)(Buri palm) Allagoptera leucocalyx (Drude) Kuntze (1891) Butia (Jelly palms) Butia archeri (Glassman) Glassman Butia arenicola (Barb.Rodr.) Burret Butia campicola (Barb.Rodr.) Noblick Butia capitata (Mart.) Becc. Butia catarinensis Noblick & Lorenzi Butia eriospatha (Mart. ex Drude) Becc. (Woolly butia palm) Butia exilata Deble & Marchiori Butia exospadix Noblick Butia lallemantii Deble & Marchiori Butia lepidotispatha Noblick Butia leptospatha (Burret) Noblick Butia marmorii Noblick Butia matogrossensis Noblick & Lorenzi Butia microspadix Burret Butia odorata (Barb.Rodr.) Noblick (South American jelly palm) Butia paraguayensis (Barb.Rodr.) L.H.Bailey (Dwarf yatay palm) Butia pubispatha Noblick & Lorenzi Butia purpurascens Glassman Butia witeckii K.Soares & S. Longhi Butia yatay (Mart.) Becc. Jubaea Jubaea chilensis (Molina) Baill. (Chilean wine palm) Jubaeopsis Jubaeopsis afra Becc. (Pondoland palm) Cocos Cocos nucifera L. (Coconut) Syagrus Parajubaea Parajubaea cocoides Burret Parajubaea sunkha M.Moraes Parajubaea torallyi (Mart.) Burret Voanioala Voanioala gerardii J. Dransf. (Forest coconut) Attaleinae Attalea List of Attalea species Elaeidinae Barcella Barcella odora(Trail) Drude Elaeis Elaeis guineensis Jacq. (African oil palm) Elaeis oleifera (Kunth) Cortés (American oil palm) Bactridinae Acrocomia Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. ex R.Keith Acrocomia crispa (Kunth) C. Baker ex. Becc. Acrocomia emensis (Toledo) Lorenzi Acrocomia glaucescens Lorenzi Acrocomia hassleri (Barb.Rodr.) W.J.Hahn Drude Acrocomia media O.F.Cook Acrocomia totai Mart. Aiphanes Astrocaryum Bactris Desmoncus
References
External links