Kiliia Raion () was a raion (district) in Odesa Oblast of Ukraine. It was part of the historical region of Bessarabia. Its administrative center was the city of Kiliia. The small sector of the Danube Delta that lies in Ukraine lied partially in this raion. The raion was abolished and its territory was merged into Izmail Raion on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Odesa Oblast to seven. The last estimate of the raion population was
The raion was formed on November 11, 1940, first as part of the Ackerman region, and from December of the same year — the Izmail region. On February 15, 1954 the territory of the raion was included in the Odesa region.
Liquidated in accordance with the Resolution of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine «On the formation and liquidation of raion» of July 17, 2020, No. 807-IX."Про утворення та ліквідацію районів. Постанова Верховної Ради України No. 807-ІХ". Голос України (in Ukrainian). 2020-07-18. Retrieved 2020-10-03.
The territory of the raion became part of the re-founded Izmail raion.
The population of the raion lived in 20 settlements, including 2 cities, 16 villages, and 2 settlements, which were part of 2 cities and 13 village councils. The administrative center of the raion is the city of Kiliia. The number of the population of the raion on December 1, 2011, was 53,646 people, of which 55% are urban population.
The industry of the raion was represented by enterprises of mining, food industry, processing of agricultural products, and mechanical engineering. The area had a strong potential for the development of tourist services. The area had reserves of brick raw materials (under arable land), building stone (limestone), and building sand. A large area of the raion was occupied by checks for growing rice.
The Rostov-Odesa-Reni E87 M15 highway passed through the raion. The length of public roads was 244.1 km, all paved. The station of the Odesa-Ismail-Dzinilor railway line was located in the north-west of the Kiliia raion. The area was served by water transport through the Danube port — Ust-Dunaisk and the checkpoints Kiliia and Vylkove. There were 2 sewerage networks in the raion, there was a water supply system in 6 settlements.
In the Danube Delta in the extreme southwest of the raion, the city of Vylkove was located, known as Ukrainian Venice, thanks to numerous Jericam channels, gun along the streets.Вилкове на веб-сайті www.ukrain.travel. Архів оригіналу за 17 березня 2013 In the south, there is one of the oldest cities of Ukraine — Kiliia. In the Black Sea, there is a single sea island in Ukraine — snake, near the coast of which rare objects were found, the age of which reaches an era of antiquity. Near the village of Liski was created by the botanical reserve of the local scales. Much of the islands of Delta Danube and large territories of the Danube flooded that in the southwestern part of the raion are part of the Danube Biosphere Reserve. In the Danube Delta on the territory of Kiliia and Ismail raions, the Regional Landscape Park `Ismail Islands` was created.
Administrative divisions At the time of disestablishment, the raion consisted of two hromadas: Kiliia urban hromada with the administration in Kiliia; Vylkove urban hromada with the administration in the city of Vylkove.
Physical and geographical characteristics
Location Kiliia raion was located in the southwestern part of Ukraine, in the extreme southeast of Odesa region. The territory of the raion stretches for 61 km in length and 56 km in latitude. To the west, on land and partly on Lake China, the raion borders the Ismail raion. Its neighbor in the north-west was Artsyz raion, in the north — Tatarbunary raion, the border with which partly passed through the estuary Sasyk. To the south, the Kiliia raion was bounded by the state border with Romania along the Danube. A total of 182 km of the state border runs within the raion. In the east, the territory of the raion was limited by the waters of the Black Sea, the seacoast of which reaches a length of almost 60 km. The Kiliia raion also included a number of islands in the Danube Delta as well as the sea island of Zmiiny, which is 37 kilometers away from the mainland.7 чудес України. Острів Зміїний. Архів оригіналу за 7 квітня 2014. Процитовано 10 квітня 2012
Administrative and territorial structure As of January 1, 2012, the system of local self-government of Kiliia raion consists of 15 administrative-territorial units, including 13 village and 2 city councils, which, in turn, consist of 20 settlements, namely 2 cities of raion importance, 16 villages and 2 settlements. The power of self-government bodies of 9 villages and 1 city extends to only one settlement; 4 village councils and 1 city council have 2 settlements each. On the island of Zmiiny, there is the only settlement in Ukraine completely separated from the mainland: the village of Bile on Snake Island. Raion authorities are the Kiliia raion Council and the Kiliia raion State Administration.
The territory of Kiliia raion occupies 135,869.5 hectares, which is 4.08% of the area of the Odesa region (13th place in the region). Of these: agricultural land occupies 74,038.52 hectares, 1,321.14 hectares are occupied by farm buildings and yards, 1,268 hectares are under farm roads and girders, 2,501 hectares are forest lands, 3,910.7994 hectares are built-up lands, swamps - 29,566.73 ha, open lands without vegetation cover or with insignificant cover —1,708.8106 ha and 21,554.5 ha are underwater. The total land area of settlements is 7,458.6 hectares — 5.1% of the raion.
Climate Kiliia raion is located in the temperate-continental climate zone. The temperature difference in the area reaches 5 °C. The average annual temperature is +11.1 °C. Winter is mild, short and light snow with frequent thaws, lasts from mid-November to late March (4.5 months), the average temperature is +0.8 °C. The coldest month of the year is January, with an average temperature of −1 °C and a minimum temperature of −22.8 °C. Summer is long, warm, rarely hot, but with insufficient humidity, lasts from mid-May to late September (4.5 months), average temperature +20.8 °C. The warmest month is July, the average temperature is +24 °C, the maximum is +37.8 °C. The duration of the frost-free period varies in the range of 250–260 days, the growing season — up to 297 days.
Air temperature 300–600 mm of precipitation falls per year. The wettest months are June, July and November, during which the monthly rainfall is about 60–80 mm. The driest months are January and February, when 20–30 mm of precipitation falls. The average annual humidity is 75%. The highest humidity occurs in the cold season (November — February 85-90%), the lowest — in May 56-60%. Blizzards are quite rare in winter, the snow cover reaches a height of not more than 4 cm. Occasionally there are droughts, accompanied by dry winds and dust storms. Fogs and dew are common. They can be observed throughout the year, but most fogs appear in the cold half of the year (November – May), while dew—in the summer.
Monthly precipitation The average annual wind speed is 3.8 m/s. From September to April, the northern (18–41%) and north-western winds (12–26%) have the highest frequency. Only in May, there is no clear predominance of any wind direction. In June–August, prevailing winds from the south and east, the frequency of each direction, reaches 35%. The highest wind speed and the highest number of days with wind speeds above 15 m/s are observed in the cold season (November — March).
Wind speed gradation The average duration of daylight, which particularly affects the process of photoperiodic of living organisms, is 11 hours 46 minutes. The longest day in June is up to 15 hours and 50 minutes, while the shortest is in December — 8 hours and 35 minutes.
Relief The territory of Kiliia raion lies on the south-western edge of the Eastern European plain within the Black Sea lowlands and borders the Danube River, due to which some parts of it differ markedly in their natural conditions. The surface is mostly flat, rising above sea level by 5–42 m with a slope from northwest to southeast, to the Black Sea coast and the Danube Delta. The plain is crossed by shallow river valleys, ravines and gullies. The location on the Eastern European platform minimizes the manifestations of such natural phenomena like earthquakes and volcanism. The nature reserve and park fund of the raion consist of 22 objects with a total area of 52,362.1 ha (39% of the territory of Kiliia raion), including 19 parks of garden and park art (9.3 ha), the Botanical Reserve of local significance Liski and 46,402, 9 ha of the Danube Biosphere Reserve — a protected area of national importance.
The soil layer of the raion was formed on forest rocks and is represented mainly by chernozems, namely the southern chernozems and dark-chestnut slightly saline soils common in the raion. Sod-sandy soils are formed on a coastal spit and overflow, in the Danube delta — sod-gley, silt-gley and peat-gley soils. The average thickness of humus horizons is 53 cm, with an average fertility (soil-agrochemical index) of 53 points. In order to protect the soil cover from weathering, prevent freezing of crops and soil erosion, the territory of the northern Kiliia raion is covered with a network of forest belts.
Kiliia raion does not have a great variety of minerals. The most common are solid non-metallic minerals of local importance — sand, loam, gravel, limestone, pebbles, marl, which are used as building materials. Together with Saratsky, it is part of the oil and gas field. The Black Sea shelf is being studied more actively to identify oil and gas fields.
Aquatic resources The raion has large reserves of surface water belonging to the Danube and Northern Black Sea basins. In the south flows the main waterway in Europe - the Danube River, namely the Kiliia raion estuary, 58 km of which belong to the raion. The river is of great economic importance in irrigation, shipping, and in providing drinking water to the inhabitants of the region. On the left bank of the lower Danube, in the valley from the mouth of the Kiliia to the north, there are many reservoirs, including small rivers of local importance: Dracula (21.2 km), Nerushai (12 km), Yenikoy (11.5 km), Aliaga (8.7 km), and Kyrgyz-China (5.5 km); 3 flowing beams: Priozerna (5.5 km), Kanazir (5 km) and Kazeyka (4.8 km), about 100 small estuaries, rivers and streams, and about 100 lakes, estuaries and ponds with a water volume of about 8 million m3. Among the latter are the artificially isolated estuary of the Sasyk (Kunduk) lagoon, separated from the sea only by a narrow strip of sand-shell alluvium, and the freshwater lake of the floodplain-estuary China, as well as Lakes Zeleny Kut and Lebedynka, Limba Lake. Dracula and Kazei Reservoirs, Pukalovsky Estuary, Karachev Estuary (Shvedovo), Small Salt Estuary, Grabovsky Estuary, Liskovsky Ponds and Furmanovsky Pond; Trudovsky and Shevchenkivsky fish farms, Kiliysky and Vilkivsky PTRH, and Bazarchuk Bay. In the east, the raion is washed by the Black Sea, on the shores of which are the Primorye resort and entertainment zone and Vilkivsky recreational complex of green tourism.
The total area occupied by water is 21,554.5 hectares, which is about 16% of the raion. Of these, natural watercourses make up 4,105.63 ha of the raion, artificial watercourses — 4,059.63 ha, under lakes and estuaries — 12,063.09 ha; ponds — 5,919 hectares, and 1,266.96 hectares are occupied by artificial reservoirs. Due to hydrological and geological-geomorphological conditions, the depth of groundwater from the earth's surface is 1–15 m.
Flora