Gynostemma is a genus of perennial climbing vines in the cucumber, gourd, and melon family, comprising at least 19 species, all native to the tropical East or Far East, inclusive of the Himalayas: China (with 9 endemic); the islands of Japan; Malaysia; and New Guinea. The term Gynostemma is derived from Ancient Greek γυνή meaning "woman" or "female",Liddell, H.G. & Scott, R. (1940). A Greek-English Lexicon. revised and augmented throughout by Sir Henry Stuart Jones. with the assistance of. Roderick McKenzie. Oxford: Clarendon Press. and στέμμα meaning "wreath" or "garland". In (post-)classical Latin the form stemma is attested as Greek loanword.Lewis, C.T. & Short, C. (1879). A Latin dictionary founded on Andrews' edition of Freund's Latin dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Saalfeld, G.A.E.A. (1884). Tensaurus Italograecus. Ausführliches historisch-kritisches Wörterbuch der Griechischen Lehn- und Fremdwörter im Lateinischen. Wien: Druck und Verlag von Carl Gerold's Sohn, Buchhändler der Kaiserl. Akademie der Wissenschaften. In Ancient Greek and Latin, stemma is of neuter gender. German-Dutch botanist Carl Ludwig Blume described Gynostemma from two species he named:Original text by G. pedata (later changed, to pedatum) and G. simplicifolia (also later changed, to simplicifolium). Neither species was clearly designated by him as the type; however, the former species, G. pedatum is now considered to be a synonym of G. pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino. The genus was published in 1825, in Carl Ludwig von Blume's Bijdragen tot de flora van Nederlandsch Indië ("Contributions to the flora of the Dutch East Indies").
General description All species of Gynostemma have tendrils (usually branching); most are dioecious. The leaves are usually in palmately arrayed leaflets (3–9, ovate-lanceolate in shape), arranged alternately on the stem; a few species are leaved, but without leaflets. Inflorescences are either racemose or paniculate. Fruits can be capsular or pea-like, containing two or three seeds.
Selected species Gynostemma aggregatum C.Y.Wu & S.K.Chen Gynostemma burmanicum King ex Chakrav. Gynostemma cardiospermum Cogn. ex Oliv. Gynostemma caulopterum S.Z.He Gynostemma compressum X.X.Chen & D.R.Liang Gynostemma guangxiense X.X.Chen & D.H.Qin Gynostemma intermedium W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes Gynostemma laxiflorum C.Y.Wu & S.K.Chen Gynostemma laxum (Wall.) Cogn. Gynostemma longipes C.Y.Wu Gynostemma microspermum C.Y.Wu & S.K.Chen Gynostemma pallidinervee Z.Zhang Gynostemma papuanum W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes Gynostemma pentagynum Z.P.Wang Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino Gynostemma pubescens (Gagnep.) C.Y.Wu Gynostemma simplicifolium Blume Gynostemma yixingense (Z.P.Wang & Q.Z.Xie) C.Y.Wu & S.K.Chen Gynostemma zhejiangense X.J.Xue List source :
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