Haplogroup Q-M120, also known as Q1a1a1, is a Y-DNA haplogroup. It is the only primary branch of haplogroup Q1a1a (F746/NWT01). The lineage is most common amongst modern populations in eastern Eurasia.

But the haplogroup might have been historically widespread in the Eurasian steppe and north Asia since it is found among Cimmerians in Moldova and Bronze Age natives of Khövsgöl.

Distribution The Americas

One of the 1K Genomes samples, HG01944, from Peruvians in Lima, Peru belongs to Q-M120. Q-M120 is the other branch under Q-F746. It is best known as an East Asian branch of Q.

Grugni et al. (2019) found the presence of the Q-pre-M120 lineage, a precursor to Q-M120, among the Tsimshian people in Alaska.

Asia Q-M120 is present in Eastern Asia and may trace its origin to East Asia. It has been found at low frequency in samples of Han Chinese, – Supplementary Table 2: NRY haplogroup distribution in Han populations Dungans, Hmong Daw in Laos,Cai X, Qin Z, Wen B, Xu S, Wang Y, et al. (2011), "Human Migration through Bottlenecks from Southeast Asia into East Asia during Last Glacial Maximum Revealed by Y Chromosomes." PLoS ONE 6(8): e24282. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0024282 Japanese, Dörwöd Kalmyks,Boris Malyarchuk, Miroslava Derenko, Galina Denisova, Sanj Khoyt, Marcin Woźniak, Tomasz Grzybowski, and Ilya Zakharov, "Y-chromosome diversity in the Kalmyks at the ethnical and tribal levels." Journal of Human Genetics (2013) 58, 804–811; doi:10.1038/jhg.2013.108 Koreans, – Table 1: Y-chromosome haplotype frequencies in 49 Eurasian populations, listed according to geographic region Mongols,Battaglia V, Grugni V, Perego UA, Angerhofer N, Gomez-Palmieri JE, et al. (2013), "The First Peopling of South America: New Evidence from Y-Chromosome Haplogroup Q." PLoS ONE 8(8): e71390. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0071390Di Cristofaro J, Pennarun E, Mazières S, Myres NM, Lin AA, et al. (2013) "Afghan Hindu Kush: Where Eurasian Sub-Continent Gene Flows Converge." PLoS ONE 8(10): e76748. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0076748 Tibetans,Wang C-C, Wang L-X, Shrestha R, Zhang M, Huang X-Y, et al. (2014), "Genetic Structure of Qiangic Populations Residing in the Western Sichuan Corridor." PLoS ONE 9(8): e103772. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0103772 Uygurs, and Vietnamese.YFull Haplogroup YTree v6.03.05 at 20 July 2018. Accessed July 20, 2018.G. David Poznik, Yali Xue, Fernando L. Mendez, et al. (2016), "Punctuated bursts in human male demography inferred from 1,244 worldwide Y-chromosome sequences." Nature Genetics 2016 June ; 48(6): 593–599. doi:10.1038/ng.3559. It also has been found among Bhutanese,Pille Hallast, Chiara Batini, Daniel Zadik, et al., "The Y-chromosome tree bursts into leaf: 13,000 high-confidence SNPs covering the majority of known clades." Molecular Biology and Evolution Advance Access publication December 2, 2014. doi:10.1093/molbev/msu327 Murut people in Brunei,Monika Karmin, Lauri Saag, Mário Vicente, et al. (2015), "A recent bottleneck of Y chromosome diversity coincides with a global change in culture." Genome Research 25:1–8. Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; ISSN 1088-9051/15; www.genome.org. Tuvans, Nivkhs, Koryaks, Yukaghirs, and Azerbaijanis. Sengupta et al. (2006) reported finding Q-M120 in the HGDP sample of Pakistani Hazaras, but the Bayesian tree in Supplementary Figure 12 of Lippold et al. (2014) suggests that these HGDP Pakistani Hazara individuals more likely should belong to Q-L275, and that three members of the HGDP Naxi sample and one member of the HGDP Han sample should belong to Q-M120 instead.Sebastian Lippold, Hongyang Xu, Albert Ko, Mingkun Li, Gabriel Renaud, Anne Butthof, Roland Schröder, and Mark Stoneking, "Human paternal and maternal demographic histories: insights from high-resolution Y chromosome and mtDNA sequences." Investigative Genetics 2014, 5:13. http://www.investigativegenetics.com/content/5/1/13 Di Cristofaro et al. (2013) tested the same sample of Pakistani Hazaras and reported that they belonged to the following Y-DNA haplogroups: 1/25 C-PK2/M386(xM407, M532), 9/25 C-M401, 1/25 I-M223, 1/25 J-M530, 2/25 O-M122(xM134), 1/25 Q-M242(xM120, M25, M346, M378), 1/25 Q-M378, 1/25 R-M124, 8/25 R-M478/M73.

PopulationPaperNPercentageSNP Tested Nivkh (Sakhalin) Kharkov 20243/37~8.1%M120 Dungan (Kyrgyzstan)Wells 20013/40~7.5%M120 Han (Henan)Su 20002/28~7.1%M120 Koryak Kharkov 20241/20~5.0%M120 Han (Anhui)Su 20001/22~4.6%M120 Northern HanSu 20001/22~4.5%M120 Kinh(Ho Chi Minh City)Poznik 20162/46~4.3%M120 Tuvan (Kungurtug) Luis 20231/24~4.17%M120 Evenk (Yakutia) Kharkov 20241/28~3.5%M120 Han (Shanghai)Su 20001/30~3.3%M120 Han (Shandong)Su 20001/32~3.1%M120 KoreaWells 20011/45~2.2%M120 Tibetan (Lhasa)Su 20001/46~2.2%M120TibetGayden 20072/156~1.3%M120Han (Shanxi)Zhong 20101/56~1.8%M120 Uygur (Xinjiang)Zhong 20101/71~1.4%M120 Uygur (Xinjiang)Zhong 20101/50~2.0%M120 Hmong Daw (Laos) Cai 20111/51~1.96%M120 Han (Jiangsu)Su 20001/55~1.8%M120 Mongolia Di Cristofaro 20132/160~1.25%M120 Dörwöd Kalmyk Malyarchuk 20134/426~0.9%M120 Japan Nonaka 20071/263~0.38%M120

According to a 2019 study, Q-M120 can be found in high concentrations in the northern and eastern regions of China. To a lesser extent, it can be found in North Korea, South Korea and northern Philippines. PopulationNPercentage with Q-M120SNP TestedJ&K Kashmir Gujars (Jammu and Kashmir, India)1/61~1.6%M120 PopulationNPercentageSNP TestedBaloch (Sistan and Baluchestan)1/24~4.2%M120 PopulationNPercentageSNP TestedGeorgian (Imereti)1/26~3.8%M120

Associated SNPs Haplogroup Q-M120 is defined by the presence of the M120 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) as well as the M265 (AKA N14) SNP.

Phylogenetic tree This is Thomas Krahn at the Genomic Research Center's Draft Tree for haplogroup Q-M120.

Q-MEH2 MEH2, L472, L528 Q-M120 M120, N14/M265

See also Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup

Y-DNA Q-M242 subclades

Y-DNA backbone tree

References

External links The Y-DNA Haplogroup Q Project