The ATmega328 is a single-chip microcontroller created by Atmel in the megaAVR family (later Microchip Technology acquired Atmel in 2016). It has a modified Harvard architecture 8-bit RISC processor core. Specifications The Atmel 8-bit AVR RISC-based microcontroller combines 32 KB ISP flash memory with read-while-write capabilities, 1 KB EEPROM, 2 KB SRAM, 23 general-purpose I/O lines, 32 general-purpose working registers, 3 flexible timer/counters with compare modes, internal and external interrupts, serial programmable USART, a byte-oriented 2-wire serial interface, SPI serial port, 6-channel 10-bit A/D converter (8 channels in TQFP and QFN/MLF packages), programmable watchdog timer with internal oscillator, and 5 software-selectable power-saving modes. The device operates between 1.8 and 5.5 volts. The device achieves throughput approaching 1 MIPS/MHz.

Features Parameter Value CPU type 8-bit AVR Maximum CPU speed 20 MHz Performance 20 MIPS at 20 MHz Flash memory 32 KB SRAM 2 KB EEPROM 1 KB Package pin count 28 or 32 Capacitive touch sensing channels 16 Maximum I/O pins 23 External interrupts 3 USB interface No

Family A common alternative to the ATmega328 is the "picoPower" ATmega328P. A comprehensive list of all other members of the megaAVR series can be found on the Atmel website.

ATmega328 ATmega328P and ATmega328P-AUTOMOTIVE ATmega328PB and ATmega328PB-AUTOMOTIVE (superset of ATmega328P) - has more UART, I2C, and SPI peripherals than ATmega328P

Applications ATmega328 is commonly used in many projects and autonomous systems where a simple, low-powered, low-cost micro-controller is needed.

Perhaps the most common use of this chip is on the popular Arduino development platform, namely the Arduino Uno, Arduino Pro Mini and Arduino Nano models.

Programming

Reliability qualification shows that the projected data retention failure rate is much less than over 20 years at 85 °C or 100 years at 25 °C.

+Parallel program mode Programming signal Pin Name I/O Function RDY/BSY PD1 O High means the MCU is ready for a new command, otherwise busy. OE PD2 I Output enable (active low) WR PD3 I Write pulse (active low) BS1 PD4 I Byte select 1 ("0" = Low byte, "1" = High byte) XA0 PD5 I XTAL action bit 0 XA1 PD6 I XTAL action bit 1 PAGEL PD7 I Program memory and EEPROM data page load BS2 PC2 I Byte select 2 ("0" = low byte, "1" = 2nd high byte) DATA PC[1:0]:PB[5:0] I/O Bi-directional data bus (output when OE is low)

Programming mode is entered when PAGEL (PD7), XA1 (PD6), XA0 (PD5), BS1 (PD4) is set to zero. RESET pin to 0 V and VCC to 0 V. VCC is set to 4.5–5.5 V. Wait 60 μs, and RESET is set to 11.5–12.5 V. Wait more than 310 μs. Set XA1:XA0:BS1:DATA = , pulse XTAL1 for at least 150 ns, pulse WR to zero. This starts the chip erase. Wait until RDY/BSY (PD1) goes high. XA1:XA0:BS1:DATA = , XTAL1 pulse, pulse WR to zero. This is the flash write command. And so on.

+ Serial programming Symbol Pins I/O Description MOSI PB3 I Serial data in MISO PB4 O Serial Data out SCK PB5 I Serial Clock

Serial data to the MCU is clocked on the rising edge and data from the MCU is clocked on the falling edge. Power is applied to VCC while RESET and SCK are set to zero. Wait for at least 20 ms and then the programming enable serial instruction 0xAC, 0x53, 0x00, 0x00 is sent to the MOSI pin. The second byte (0x53) will be echoed back by the MCU.

See also ATmega88 AVR microcontrollers Atmel AVR instruction set ATtiny microcontroller comparison chart In-system programming

References

External links Official webpages ATmega328 - Microchip ATmega328P - Microchip ATmega328PB - Microchip