Wind power in Hawaii is produced by the state's 132 commercial wind turbines, totaling 236 MW in capacity. In 2015, wind turbines produced 6.4% of Hawaii's electricity. In 2012, Hawaii generated 367 million kWh from wind power.Electric Power Monthly February 2013 Table 1.17.B.
Hawaii began research into wind power in the mid-1980s with a 340 kW turbine on Maui, and the 2.3MW Lalamilo Wells wind farm on Oahu and the 9MW Kamaoa wind farm on the Big Island of Hawaii .Wind Energy , Hawaiian Electric Company, 2013 The MOD-5B, a 3.2MW wind turbine on Oahu, was the largest in the world in 1987. These early examples were all out of service by 2010.
Notable projects
Operational
Proposed wind farms
Two developers have submitted proposals for three offshore wind farms. They are under review by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management.
Former wind farms Kamaoa Wind Farm, 9.3 MW, in use 1987–2006 Lalamilo Wind Farm, 2.3 MW, in use 1986–2010. Repowered by a new farm at the site in 2017.
Community reactions In 2019, Kahuku residents protested the placement of wind towers, leading to hundreds of arrests for obstructing entry of equipment to the turbine sites. In 2021, residents and the Kahuku Community Association objected to the presence of 20 large-scale wind turbines in their neighborhood. They experienced problems from the noise and shadows that come and go with the turning of the blades, claiming that this produced sleep disruption, depression, seizures and other neurological effects. In response, rules that govern turbine siting, such as increasing the minimum distance from residences to 1.25 miles, are under review by the Honolulu City Council. Existing law allows an, e.g., to be placed 600 feet from the nearest house (1:1).The Hawaii State Energy Office offered support for a setback of a mile or more from homes and structures. Residents also expressed concern about the threat to endangered wildlife, particularly the opeapea bat.
Potential +Hawaii wind generation capacity by year Megawatts of installed generating capacity
Hawaii has the potential to install 3,000 MW of wind power, capable of generating 12,000 GWh/year with 80 meter hub heights operating at 30% capacity factor or more. Hawaii used 9,962 GWh in 2011, so it has the potential to generate all electricity used in the state from wind and solar power.Electric Power Monthly February 2012 Table 5.4.B. In addition, the state has the potential to generate 2,800,000 GWh/year from offshore wind power. Authorities approved feasibility in 2016 for three companies looking at floating wind turbines up to 400 MW.
See also
Solar power in Hawaii Energy in Hawaii Wind power in the United States Renewable energy in the United States
References
External links
Renewable Energy Projects The Cost and Feasibility of Floating Offshore Wind Energy in the O‘ahu Region – National Renewable Energy Laboratory