Tulostoma is a genus of over 100 species of fungi in the family Agaricaceae. Commonly known as stalked puffballs, the cosmopolitan genus consists of species which produce small fruit bodies, characterized by stalks inserted in a socket at the base of the spherical spore-sac opened by a small and apical mouth. The spore-sac contains gleba, a mixture of spores and associated cells; at maturity, the spores are released through one or more apical pores. Tulostoma species prefer xeric microhabitats, savannahs and deserts, and are saprobic—obtaining nutrients by decomposing roots, buried wood and other organic material of plant origin.

The following list of 102 species is compiled from Jorge Eduardo Wright's 1987 world monograph on the Tulostomatales, as well as reports of new taxa described in the literature published since then. Wright included 139 species in his monograph, including 47 "doubtful or critical" species. New species have since been reported from Spain (1992), Mexico (1995), Venezuela (2000), Tunisia (2002), China (2005), and Argentina.

Infrageneric classification Czech mycologist Zdeněk Pouzar elaborated an infrageneric (below the level of genus) system of classification for Tulostoma species in his 1958 monograph of European taxa. Wright expanded and revised Pouzar's classification system to include all known species: Subgenus Tulostoma Series Tubulares Section Brumalia Section Hyphales Section Granulosae Section Volvulata Section Meristostoma Series Fimbriata Section Fimbriata Section Poculata Section Exasperata Section Dubiostoma Section Rickiana Subgenus Lacerostoma Section Lacerata

Key Scientific nameLatin binomial name of the speciesSectionSection to which the species belongsClassifiedYear in which the species was formally described and classified, as well as the binomial authority on the speciesDistributionContinental distribution of the species; question marks indicate that the evidence is questionable and/or not verifiableRefsCitation to the protolog (original publication) and any additional references used to determine distribution

Scientific nameClassifiedSectionDistributionReferencesT. adhaerens1923, LloydHyphalesAfrica, Asia, AustraliaWright (1987), pp. 58–9.T. albicans1901, V.S.WhiteAustralia, Europe, North America, South America,Wright (1987), pp. 59–60.T. albiceps1947, Long & S.AhmadAsiaWright (1987), p. 60.T. albocretaceum1947, Long & S.AhmadMeristostomaAsiaWright (1987), pp. 60–2.T. album1891, MasseeMeristostomaAustraliaWright (1987), p. 62.T. americanum1906, LloydBrumaliaNorth America, South AmericaWright (1987), pp. 62–4.T. amnicola1947, Long & S.AhmadHyphalesAsia, TunisiaWright (1987), pp. 64–5.T. andrejevianum1970, Philimonova & SchwarzmannDubiostomaAsiaWright (1987), p. 65.T. aurasiacum1905, Pat.BrumaliaNorth Africa, Asia (?)Wright (1987), p. 67.T. australianum1906, LloydLacerataAfrica (?), Australia, South America (?)Wright (1987), pp. 67–8.T. beccarianum1904, Bres.BrumaliaSouthern Europe, South AmericaWright (1987), p. 69.T. berkleyi1906, LloydFimbriataNorth AmericaWright (1987), p. 69–70.T. berteroanum1845, (Lév. ex Lév.) Sacc. & TrotterPoculataSouth America, TunisiaWright (1987), p. 71.T. brasiliense1972, J.E. WrightBrumaliaAustralia (?), North America, South AmericaWright (1987), pp. 74–5.T. brumale1794, Pers.Asia, Europe, North America, South AmericaWright (1987), pp. 76–81.T. caespitosum1891, Trab.BrumaliaAfrica, Asia, North America, South AmericaWright (1987), pp. 81–2.T. cerebrisporum2000, J.E.WrightSouth AmericaT. chevalieri1911, Har. & Pat.HyphalesAfricaWright (1987), pp. 83–4.T. chudaei1907, Pat.MeristostomaAfrica, Australia, North America, South AmericaWright (1987), p. 84.T. cineraceum1947, LongMeristostomaAsiaWright (1987), pp. 84–5.T. clathrosporum1987, J.E. WrightBrumaliaNorth AmericaWright (1987), pp. 85–6.T. costatum1980, B. LiuAsiaT. cretaceum1944, LongLacerataNorth America, South AmericaWright (1987), pp. 86–7.T. cyclophorum1906, LloydPoculataAfrica, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, South AmericaWright (1987), pp. 87–90.T. delbustoi1987, J.E. WrightFimbriataSouth AmericaWright (1987), p. 90.T. dennisii1987, J.E. WrightGranulosaeSouth AmericaWright (1987), pp. 90–3.T. domingueziae2011, Hern.CaffotSouth AmericaT. dumeticola1987, LongGranulosaeCentral America, North America, South AmericaWright (1987), pp. 93–5.T. exasperatosporum1983, J.E. WrightAfricaWright (1987), pp. 97–8.T. exasperatum1842, Mont.BrumaliaPantropicalWright (1987), pp. 98–9.T. excentricum1944, LongHyphalesAsia, North AmericaWright (1987), p. 101.T. exitum1947, Long & S. AhmadLacerataAsiaWright (1987), pp. 101–4.T. fimbriatum1829, Fr.FimbriataEuropeWright (1987), pp. 105–7.T. floridanum1906, LloydHyphalesNorth AmericaWright (1987), p. 117–8.T. fulvellum1904, Bres.PoculataEurope, JapanWright (1987), p. 118–9.T. giganteum1987, J.E. WrightHyphalesNorth AmericaWright (1987), pp. 122–3.T. giovanellae1881, Bres.BrumaliaAfrica, EuropeWright (1987), pp. 123–5.T. graciliceps1987, J.E. WrightPoculataAfrica, MexicoWright (1987), p. 125.T. helanshanense1978, B. Liu, Z.Y. Li & DuBrumaliaAsiaWright (1987), p. 126.T. herteri1942, Lohwag & SwobodaDubiostomaNorth America, South AmericaWright (1987), pp. 126–7.T. hollosii1956, Z. MoravecPoculataEuropeWright (1987), pp. 127–8.T. hygrophilum1947, Long & S. AhmadHyphalesAsiaWright (1987), p. 128.T. innermongolicum1984, LiuDubiostomaAsiaWright (1987), pp. 128–9.T. involucratum1944, LongBrumaliaAfrica, North America, South AmericaWright (1987), pp. 129–30.T. jourdani1886, Pat.HyphalesAfrica, Asia, Australia, North America, South AmericaWright (1987), pp. 131–3.T. kogaschiki1970, Schwarzmann & PhilimonovaHyphalesAsiaWright (1987), pp. 133–4.T. kotlabae1958, PouzarBrumaliaEuropeWright (1987), p. 134.T. kreiselii2002, G. Moreno, E. Horak & AltésAfricaT. laceratum1834, EhrenbergT. lacrimisporum2005, L. Fan & B. LiuAsiaT. leiosporum1909, R.E.Fr.FimbriataSouth AmericaWright (1987), p. 137.T. lejospermum1922, SpegazziniLacerataSouth AmericaWright (1987), pp. 137–9.T. leprosum1888, (Kalchbr.) Sacc.GranulosaeAustraliaWright (1987), p. 139.T. lesliei1921, Van der BylHyphalesAfricaWright (1987), pp. 140–4.T. lloydii1904, Bres.PoculataEurope, North AmericaWright (1987), pp. 141–2.T. longii1906, LloydBrumaliaNorth AmericaWright (1987), pp. 142–3.T. lysocephalum1944, LongHyphalesNorth AmericaWright (1987), pp. 143–5.T. lusitanicum2000, Calonge & M.G.AlmeidaEuropeT. macalpinianum1906, LloydGranulosaeAustralia, South AmericaWright (1987), p. 145.T. macowanii1904, Bres.PoculataAfrica, Australia (?)Wright (1987), p. 147.T. macrocephalum1944, LongMeristostomaNorth America, South AmericaWright (1987), pp. 147–8.T. macrosporium1925, G.Cunn.HyphalesAfrica, Australia, North AmericaWright (1987), pp. 148–9.T. melanocyclum1904, Bres.BrumaliaEurope, North AmericaWright (1987), pp. 149–51.T. meridionale1972, J.E.WrightNorth America, South AmericaWright (1987), pp. 152–4.T. meristostoma1944, LongMeristostomaNorth America, South AmericaWright (1987), pp. 154–5.T. mohavei1920, LloydHyphalesAsia, North America, South AmericaWright (1987), pp. 155–6.T. montanum1886, Pat.HyphalesAfrica, North America, South AmericaWright (1987), p. 158.T. moravecii1958, PouzarBrumaliaEuropeWright (1987), p. 159.T. mussooriense1901, HenningsAsiaWright (1987), pp. 159–60.T. nanum1987, (Pat.) J.E.WrightHyphalesAfrica, Asia, Europe, North America, South AmericaWright (1987), pp. 160–1.T. nigeriense1987, J.E.WrightAfricaWright (1987), p. 162.T. niveum1978, KersBrumaliaEuropeWright (1987), pp. 162–4.T. obesum1878, Cooke & EllisSouth AmericaWright (1987), p. 212 (as Tulostoma volvulatum var. obesum).T. obscurum1972, J.E.WrightPoculataNorth AmericaWright (1987), pp. 164–5.T. opacum1944, LongPoculataNorth AmericaWright (1987), pp. 165–7.T. pluriosteum1947, Long & S.AhmadHyphalesAsiaWright (1987), p. 174.T. portoricense1987, J.E.WrightFimbriataPuerto RicoWright (1987), pp. 218–67.T. pseudopulchellum1992, G.Moreno, Altés & J.E.WrightEuropeT. pubescens1925, G. Cunn.HyphalesAustraliaWright (1987), pp. 175–7.T. pulchellum1890, Sacc.PoculataAfrica, Australia, Europe, Middle East, North America, South AmericaWright (1987), pp. 177–9.T. purpusii1898, Henn.BrumaliaAfrica, Australia, North America, South AmericaWright (1987), pp. 179–82.T. pusillum1842, Berk.GranulosaeAsia, Caribbean, South AmericaWright (1987), pp. 182–4.T. pygmaeum1906, LloydHyphalesAfrica, Australia, North America, South AmericaWright (1987), p. 184.T. readerii1906, LloydFimbriataAustraliaWright (1987), pp. 184–5.T. reticulatum1980, B.LiuAustraliaWright (1987), pp. 185–6.T. rickii1906, LloydRickianaSouth AmericaWright (1987), p. 186.T. rivulosum1947, LongHyphalesNorth AmericaWright (1987), pp. 186–8.T. rufum1906, LloydHyphalesAfrica, Europe, North AmericaWright (1987), pp. 188–90.T. semisulcatum1895, PeckBrumaliaNorth AmericaWright (1987), pp. 191–3.T. simulans1906, LloydBrumaliaAfrica, Asia, Europe, Central America, North America, South AmericaWright (1987), pp. 193–4.T. sinense1987, J.E.WrightBrumaliaAsiaWright (1987), pp. 218–9.T. squamosum1801, Pers.BrumaliaEurope, North AmericaWright (1987), pp. 195–6.T. striatum1925, G. Cunn.PoculataAfrica, Australia, Europe, North America, South AmericaWright (1987), pp. 196–8.T. subfuscum1901, V.S. WhitePoculataAfrica, Australia, North America, Middle EastWright (1987), pp. 199–202.T. submembranaceum1995, G. Moreno, C. Ochoa & J.E. WrightNorth AmericaT. subsquamosum1947, Long & S. AhmadHyphalesAsia, South AmericaWright (1987), p. 202.T. thiersii1987, J.E. WrightBrumaliaNorth America, South AmericaWright (1987), p. 203.T. transvaali1921, LloydExasperataAfricaWright (1987), p. 204.T. utahense1987, J.E. WrightNorth AmericaWright (1987), pp. 204–7.T. verrucosum1890, MorganGranulosaeNorth AmericaWright (1987), pp. 207–8.T. verrucicapillitium2005, L.Fan & B.LiuAsiaT. volvulatum1865, I.G.BorshchovVolvulataAfrica, Asia, Europe, North AmericaWright (1987), pp. 208–12.T. wightii1842, Cooke & EllisRickianaAsiaWright (1987), p. 214.T. xerophilum1946, LongBrumaliaNorth AmericaWright (1987), pp. 215–7.

Notes

References