The names and titles of Muhammad, names and attributes of Muhammad, Names of Muhammad () are the titles of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and used by Muslims, where 88 of them are commonly known, but also countless names which are found mainly in the Quran and hadith literature. The Quran addresses Muhammad in the second person by various appellations; prophet, messenger, servant (abd) of God.
Names
Muhammad The name Muhammad () means "praiseworthy" and appears four times in the Quran.Jean-Louis Déclais, Names of the Prophet, Encyclopedia of the QuranMuhammad is only a messenger: many Were the messenger that passed away before him.Muhammad is not the father of any of your men, but (he is) the Messenger of God, and the Seal of the Prophets: and God has full knowledge of all things.But those who believe and work deeds of righteousness, and believe in the (Revelation) sent down to Muhammad – for it is the Truth from their Lord, – He will remove from them their ills and improve their condition.Muhammad is the messenger of God; and those who are with him are strong against disbelievers, (but) compassionate amongst each other. Chapter Surah 47 of the Quran is "Muhammad". The name Abū al-Qāsim Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib ibn Hāshim,Muhammad Encyclopedia Britannica Retrieved 15 February 2017 begins with the kunyaGoitein, S.D. (1967) – A Mediterranean Society: The Jewish Communities of the Arab World as Portrayed in the Documents of the Cairo Geniza, Volume 1 p. 357. University of California Press Retrieved 17 February 2017 Abū, or, father of.Ward, K. (2008) – Islam: Religious Life and Politics in Indonesia p. 221, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies Retrieved 17 February 2017
The Quran also refers to Muhammad as Ahmad, "more praiseworthy" (). The penultimate prophet in Islam, Isa ibn Maryam (Jesus) also refers to Muhammad as Ahmad in the Sura As-Saff. And remember, Jesus, the son of Mary, said: "O Children of Israel! I am the messenger of God (sent) to you, confirming the Law (which came) before me, and giving Glad Tidings of a Messenger to come after me, whose name shall be Ahmad.". Muhammad is also referred to as Hamid, or "Praiser (of God)" (), and as Mahmud, or "Most Highly Praised" ().
Titles Muhammad is often referenced with these titles or epithets:
Seal of the prophets ()Ernst (2004), p. 80 The Prophet, (), also, the Prophet of Prophets. Messenger of God, () The Beloved () or The Beloved of God () The Chosen or The Appointed () The Genuine, The Trustworthy, or The Faithful () The Honest, The Righteous, or The Truthful () Kind, Compassionate, or Affectionate () Model (of Conduct, Merit, or Virtue) () The Perfect () 4. The 'perfect man' and the Muhammadan reality The Best of Mankind () Mercy to the Worlds () al-Mubashir, "The Bearer of Good Tidings" an-Nadhir, "The Warner" al-Mudhakkir, "The Reminder" ad-Dā‘ī, "The One Who Calls (unto God)" al-Bashir, "The Announcer" an-Nūr, "The Light Personified" al-Misbah, "The Lamp/ Lantern" (lit. "Bringer of Light – Dawn") – i.e.: as-Siraaj al-Muneer, "The Lamp of Illuminated, Ever-glowing, Ever-Enlightening, Incandescent" as-Siraaj, "The Lamp/ Lantern" – i.e.: as-Siraaj al-Muneer, "The Lamp of Illuminated, Ever-glowing, Ever-Enlightening, Incandescent" Ni‘mat-Ullah, "The Divine Favour" al-Ummiyy, "The Untaught", i.e.: An-Nabiyyu l-Ummiyy, "The Prophet who was untaught by human race" al-'Aqib, "The Last (Prophet)" al-Mutawakkil, "The One who Puts his Trust (in God)" al-Mahi, "The Remover (of Disbelief)" al-Hanif, "The One of Primordial Religion" Nâbîyyu at-Tawbah, "The Prophet of Penitence" al-Mu`azzaz, "The Strengthened One, the One Made Invulnerable" al-Muwaqqar, "Held in Awe" al-Fatih, "The Opener" al-Hashir, "The Gatherer (First to be Resurrected) on the Day of Judgement" al-Shafî`, "The Intercessor" Kareem, Noble and Generous (), Shahid/Shahed (), A Witness al-Mushaffa`, The One Whose Intercession Shall be Granted al-Mujtaba, The Chosen () ‘Abd’Allah, Servant of God Akhir, 'The Final, that is, the final prophet,Muhammad and Christ, Maulana Muhammad Ali – 2011 "Last Messenger"Muhammad The Messenger of God: M. Fethullah Gülen – 2014 al-Amin, "The Reliable One"
Muhammad is sometimes addressed by designations deriving from his state at the time of the address: thus he is referred to as the enwrapped (Al-Muzzammil) in Quran and the shrouded (al-muddaththir) in Quran .Uri Rubin, Muhammad, Encyclopedia of the Qur'an
He is also known by these epithets: Ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib, descendant of Abd al-Muttalib Abu ’l-Qasim (, father of Qasim ibn Muhammad), a son by his first wife Khadija bint Khuwaylid. Abu ‘Abd’Ullah, father of Abdullah ibn Muhammad, also a son by Khadija. Abu Ibrahim, father of Ibrahim ibn Muhammad, a son by Maria al-Qibtiyya. Abu ’t-Tahir, father of the Pure Abu ’t-Tayyib, father of the Pleasant Huzur Akram ( ), the Most Generous Presence, the Noble Beloved, the Glorious Beloved Huzur ( ), the Presence
In Iran, Central Asia and South Asia, Turkey and the Balkans, he is often called Hadrat (His Presence or His Holiness) ) or Messenger ().
Islamic scholars strongly emphasize the need for Muslims to follow the name of Muhammad, whether spoken or written, with the honorific phrase "peace be upon him", often abbreviated to PBUH or SAW, from or written ﷺ.
See also Names and titles of Fatima Names and titles of Jesus in the Quran Islamic honorifics Salawat Mawlid Na`at Madih nabawi Haḍra Dala'il al-Khayrat
References
Further reading Chiabotti, Francesco, Names, in Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God (2 vols.), Edited by C. Fitzpatrick and A. Walker, Santa Barbara, ABC-CLIO, 2014.