Antony () is a commune in the southern suburbs of Paris, France, from the centre of Paris. Antony is a subprefecture of the Hauts-de-Seine department and the seat of the arrondissement of Antony.Commune d'Antony (92002), INSEE
Watered by the Bièvre, a tributary of the Seine, Antony is at the crossroads of important transport routes, especially the main north–south axis, which has existed for 2,000 years. Little urbanized until the early 20th century, the city grew considerably between the two wars, under Senator-Mayor Auguste Mounié, from 4,000 to 20,000 inhabitants. In the early 1960s the population quickly increased from 25,000 to 50,000 to accommodate repatriated people from Algeria. Now incorporated in the Paris Metropolitan Area, it is particularly strong in education, with one of the largest private institutions in France, and in health, with the largest private establishment in Île-de-France.
The commune has been awarded "two flowers" by the National Council of Towns and Villages in Bloom in the Competition for Cities and Villages in Bloom.Antony in the Competition for Towns and Villages in Bloom
Geography
Location Antony is a city in the southern suburbs of Paris in the Hurepoix and is the chief town of the arrondissement of Hauts-de-Seine - 12.2 km south of Notre-Dame Cathedral.Quelques villes proches d'Antony, villorama.com. Its altitudeGeographic presentation in the PLU, September 2006, Antony official website, consulted on 6 April 2012 . is 48m above sea level at the lowest point at rue Gabriel Chamon in the Bièvre Valley and 100m at the highest point in the Avenue d'Estienne d'Orves on the border with Châtenay-Malabry. Antony is at the intersection of three departments: Essonne, with the communes of Verrières-le-Buisson to the west, Wissous to the east, and Massy to the south; Hauts-de-Seine, with the communes of Châtenay-Malabry to the west, Sceaux and Bourg-la-Reine to the north; Val-de-Marne, with the communes of Fresnes and L'Haÿ-les-Roses to the east
Antony is traversed by threeGeography and Territories, Antony official website, consulted on 6 April 2012 . rivers: the Bièvre River and its two tributaries, the Ruisseau des Godets and the Ruisseau de Rungis. One branchEnvironmental chapter in the report from the presentation of PLU, page 3, Antony official website, consulted on 6 April 2012 . of the Bièvre upstream flows in the open through Heller Park in an area where the Bièvre is maintained by the Inter-communal association for development of the Bièvre Valley. From there it has been channeled and covered since the decision of the municipal council on 26 October 1950Deliberations of the Municipal Council, 2003, Association for the promotion of the heritage of Antony (APPA), consulted on 6 April 2012 . nearly all the way to Paris. It then becomes part of the network of the Inter-departmental association for sanitation of the Paris agglomeration. Since the early 2000s, the restoration of the open air to the Bièvre at Antony and downstream has been envisaged.The Bièvre to be restored to the surface in Hauts-de-Seine , Hauts-de-Seine General Council website, consulted on 6 April 2012 . In 2003 this was done to Fresnes at the Pars des Prés on the edge of the La Fontaine district of Antony.
Antony is bisected by the South Parisian Green corridor which forms a portion of the via Turonensis: one of four paths in France for the pilgrimage to Saint Jacques de Compostela.
Geology and terrain
The commune area is with the altitude varying between .Geographic repertoire of communes, published by IGN, Read online
The plateaux of Beauce ends in the north in an area crossed by small tributaries of the Seine. Antony is located in the extreme north-east of this area, called Hurepoix.
The crust of limestone of Beauce ends with a ledge at the edge of the Bois de Verrières. It covers a thick impermeable layer about thick of sand mixed with marl from Fontainebleau which is itself resting on layers of green marl in which there are some areas of gypsum then finally blue marl forming the bottom of the Bièvre valley. These green and blue marls form a completely waterproof layer about thick. These set the date of these layers to the Tertiary period when the sea occupying the centre of the Paris Basin began to retreat.Collective work, Antony, from its origins to modern times, éd. Connaissance d'Antony, Antony, 1987, p. 15 .
The old village of Antony is located on the green marl at the edge of the outcrop of the water table. It was in the gypsum layer that, in Antony in 1807, Georges Cuvier discovered the fossils of an extinct animal, one of the first to be scientifically recognized - in 1796 Cuvier had been one of first to argue species could become extinct. Naming it Anoplotherium commune, he described a mammalian ungulate herbivore with a long tail and the stature of a donkey or horse that lived 30 million years ago in the Late Eocene to the earliest Oligocene.Cuvier, Research on the fossilised bones, Vol. III and V, dissertation, Paris, 1925, Read online .
Climate Antony climate type is of degraded oceanic. The most commonly used meteorological observation stations for Antony are those at Orly and at the airport of Vélizy-Villacoublay,MeteoFrance page on Antony, Météo France website, consulted on 7 April 2012 .The Floods and Submersions of the Bievre, 23 August 2006, Ministry of Equipment, consulted on 7 April 2012 . both being communes located near Antony. The climate in the departments of the inner suburbs of Paris is characterized by sunshine and relatively low rainfall. The following table compares the climate of the city of Antony with that of some large French cities:
The issue of flooding in some districts of Antony and Fresnes, following clogging of water networks (i.e. stormwater, wastewater and the Bièvre) during violent storms (1982, 2001, 2008) returns periodically although a protection plan against flooding was made, either by the prefect or the mayor, in August 2006.
Channels of communication and transport
Roads
Antony is primarily served by the D920 roadLayout of Departmental road 920 , Website created by the General Council of Hauts-de-Seine, consulted on 8 April 2012 . (formerly National Route 20) which passes along the entire length of the commune tracingY. Firino, Antony - Five centuries of Street and Place names, APPA, Antony, 1998 . the route of the Roman road via Aurelianensis which crossed Gaul from south to north coming from Spain and going to Cologne.
Crossing Antony from east to west is the A86 autoroute which, since 1996, follows the route of National Road RN186 which itself traced the route of the road opened by Louis XV. The A86 is heavily used by Parisians during peak hours in the morning and late afternoon. It is a way of avoiding Paris by a peripheral route. Though it replaced the function of the RN186, the latter was retained as an urban axis. Parts of the A86 are covered or are in a tunnel at Antony. Work began there more than thirty years ago and was completed by the end of the 2000s. Due to lack of funding, construction of the southern tunnel of the A86 has currently stopped at the RER bridge. The drilling of the section between the Sub-Prefecture building and the RER bridge is still under consideration by State services.Geo-technical Mission for the completion of the southern tunnel on the A86 at Antony , doubletrade.com website, consulted by 8 April 2012 .
These roads have very high traffic (20,000 to 40,000 vehicles per day) and cause nuisance to local residents. It is expected that eventually the RD920 will be converted into an urban boulevard.Presentation of the Construction project for the departmental route 920 , October 2008, Website created by the General Council of Hauts-de-Seine, consulted on 8 April 2012 .
Antony is also served by the A10 autoroute with an exit to join the RN20 and to enter through the south of the city.
Bicycle paths and pedestrian areas
In November 1989Life in Antony, Official Municipal Bulletin, Antony, Monthly review, No. 35, November 1989, p. 22 . a bike path running through the city inside the Green Belt was built for a length of . Since 9 October 2005 it has been possible to cycle inside the Parc de Sceaux, an area dependent on Hauts-de-Seine department but partly in Antony.
Given the density of traffic and as intended by PLU, a coherent easy circulation network consisting of areas limited to 30 km/h and cycling paths primarily to schools and colleges was created. A zone limited to 30 km/h is linked to a zone limited to 10 km/h: in this area priority is given to pedestrians as shown in the photo below.
Expansion of areas limited to 30 km/h is underway in all areas of Antony with the aim of gradually moving the whole city to 30 km/hLife in Antony, Official Municipal Bulletin, Antony, Monthly review, No. 228, October 2008, p. 8 . except for the RD920, for which a redevelopment project is proposed for the creation of cycle paths.RD920: an axis to redesign , 7 October 2008, General Council website, consulted on 8 April 2012 .
The zones were defined in 2009 and most of the 30 km/h roads are accessible in both directions for cyclists.Municipal Order regulating the 30 km/h zones and pedestrian zones in several roads in Antony, 23 November 2009, Read online .
Communal Transport
Antony is connected to the RER network through six stations: five stations on the RER Line B These are, from north to south: Parc de Sceaux La Croix de Berny Antony Fontaine Michalon Les Baconnets
The first three stations are in zone 3 for the navigo pass, the other two are in zone 4. Antony station is the most important and was completely rebuilt and returned to service in June 2002. It includes both the station for RER line B, the terminus for 13 bus routes and the terminal of Orlyval. A taxi rank and two bicycle parking garages are nearby. Approximately 25,000 passengers pass through this transport axis every day.Life in Antony, Official Municipal Bulletin, Antony, Monthly review, No. 129, February 1999, p. 22 .
Chemin d'Antony A station on RER Line C in zone 4.
Many bus routes connect Antony to Paris and neighbouring communes via bus networks in the Île-de-France: 10 routes of RATP bus network: TVM, 119, 196, 197, 286, 297, 319, 379, 395, and 396; 8 routes of the Paladin bus network: 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 12, and 13; 2 routes of the Daniel Meyer bus network: DM151 and DM152; 2 routes of Noctilien: N21 and N71
Since 21 July 2007 the city of Antony has been served by the Trans-Val-de-Marne (Tvm) through the RER station of La Croix de Berny. This rapid transit bus service has its own Bus lanes and links Antony to the Saint-Maur-Créteil railway station providing access to the limits of the region to the east such as Créteil, the Rungis International Market, The Belle Épine commercial centre, and Choisy-le-Roi.
Planned for 2020, the Antony-Clamart Tramway will connect La Croix de Berny railway station to Clamart - Place du Garde.
Rail transport By RER Line B Antony is near Paris railway stations. Through Antony station the Gare du Nord and the Gare de Lyon can be reached in 28 minutes (direct connection to the RER) and the Gare Saint-Lazare railway station in 32 minutes.Transport in Île-de-France , RATP website, consulted on 8 April 2012 . Antony is also very close to the Massy TGV railway station which can be reached in 5 minutes by RER. This station has the distinction of being both one of the new stations of Île-de-France served by inter-provincial TGV and also a new station for the LGV Atlantique radial line. Thus certain trains serve both the Paris-Montparnasse railway station and this station which makes it useful for going to Paris to take the TGV.