The following is an incomplete timeline of events that followed the Bahraini uprising of 2011 from September 2012 onward.
Timeline
September 2012
4 September A Bahrain court upheld jail terms against 13 leading opposition figures, including seven facing life in prison, over charges of plotting to overthrow the monarchy. Among those sentenced activist were Abdulhadi al-Khawaja who in June 2012 ended a 110-day hunger strike, Hasan Mushaima and Abduljalil al-Singace, both leaders of the banned Shia group, Haq movement, as well as Sunni leftist Ibrahim Sharif, who heads the secular Wa'ad group. The opposition swiftly condemned the "vindictive" rulings and accused the court of staging "mock trials," as the United States expressed its concern, while Amnesty International denounced the ruling as "outrageous."
5 September Security forces used tear gas and shotgun fire to disperse masked protesters who burned tyres and rubbish bins at the entrances of Shia villages west of Manama, and hurled petrol bombs and rocks at security forces. The main Shia opposition grouping Al Wefaq said in a statement that one protester was seriously wounded in Karrana after receiving a "direct shot in the middle of his body." Protesters chanted "Your verdicts against our revolutionary figures are unjust!" of an appeal court's decision on yesterday to uphold jail sentences against 13 leading activists, including seven facing life in prison.
7 September The latest demonstration was held in central Manama, an attempt by Shia-led anti-government activists to revive an uprising which started in February 2011. Protesters aimed to demonstrate against the 4 September appeals court verdict, which upheld jail sentences against 13 leading activists, including seven facing life in prison. Some carried banners reading "Freedom for the prisoners" and "We want an independent judiciary," with Sheikh Ali Salman being present. Police fired tear gas and tried to block some roads using armoured vehicles to prevent demonstrators from reaching the march.
9 September Police fired shotguns to disperse a "peaceful demonstration" late on Sunday in the village of Sitra, south of Manama. Al Wefaq said in a statement that Sadiq Rabie, who represents the group in the council, was hit in the back. Rabie was then led away by police from a private hospital. A picture it provided showed the right arm and shoulder of Rabie covered with bloody marks from shotgun pellets, as well as blood in his ear.
10 September Bahraini human rights activist Nabeel Rajab has appeared in court to appeal against a three-year jail sentence for organising illegal protests. A government official said the BBC that Rajab told the court on Monday that he had been mistreated in prison but said he had not been beaten.
17 September Bahrain says it has charged seven police lieutenants with alleged abuses against suspected anti-government protesters, including using torture to obtain confessions that were later thrown out in court. A government statement says two of the officers will face the most serious allegations of extracting the forced confessions. The others face lesser charges. The hearing is set for 1 October.
20 September An Iraqi provincial council decided to ban flights by Bahrain's carrier Gulf Air in solidarity with those facing "repression" in the tiny Sunni-ruled kingdom. The decision by Najaf provincial council came on the day that Gulf Air was resuming flights to various destinations in Shia-majority Iraq and Iran after a break of more than a year.
21 September Dozens of people joined the pro-democracy protest, which was called by the February 14 Youth Coalition. The clashes mark the second such violence in capital in the past month as Shia-led protesters try to rattle the Sunni monarchy by bringing rallies back into the capital Manama. Demonstrators chanted: “The people want the fall of the regime" and "Down Hamad", and demanded the resignation of Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa, who has served as prime minister ever since 1971. Anti-riot police responded with tear gas and stun grenades, and fired birdshot to disperse the crowd, wounding several protesters. Police has also arrested 29 people suspected of "involvement in acts of violence".
26 September Zainab al-Khawaja, the daughter of a jailed rights activist Abdulhadi al-Khawaja, was sentenced to two months in prison for damaging property at the police station, including tearing a picture of King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa. A statement from Bahrain's Information Affairs Authority said Zainab al-Khawaja would complete the sentence within a week because of time served awaiting trial.
27 September A Bahraini court has sentenced a policeman to 7 years in prison for killing a protester during the anti-government demonstrations. However, the court acquitted two other officers who were charged with the murder of two other protesters, Ali al-Moumin and Issa Abdel Hasan.
28 September Thousands of people had taken to the streets in a demonstration to demand the resignation of Prime Minister Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa. The protest march between the Shia-populated villages of Dia and Sahla near the capital, passed off relatively peacefully, although small groups of demonstrators skirmished with the security forces. Police killed a 17-year-old boy in a village near Bahrain's capital at night.
29 September The interior ministry confirmed that the male person died but defended that the police acted in self-defence from attackers using Molotov cocktails and iron rods while on patrol late Friday in Sadad, a Shia village near Manama. But the main opposition Shia group, Al Wefaq, said the 17-year-old Hussein Nemat was killed when police fired buckshot to break up a protest in the village.
Thousands of mourners took part in the funeral march, chanting anti-government slogans and waving Bahraini flags. Later, smaller groups of several hundred demonstrators broke away and hurled stones at police units. Riot police fired tear gas and stun grenades in clashes with protesters. There were no immediate reports of injuries.
30 September A Bahraini court reduced jail sentences for three athletes, Mohammed Mirza, his brother Ali Mirza and Mohammed Jawad, who took part in an Arab Spring-inspired uprising last year to one year from 15 years. The handball players were part of a group of 32 people accused of setting fire to a farm belonging to a member of Bahrain's royal family in a village near Manama during the protests in February 2011.
October 2012
1 October Officials said Bahrain's highest court has upheld the prison sentences given to nine medics for their alleged role in last year's pro-democracy protests. Dr Ali al-Ekri was sentenced to five years and the eight others were given between a month and three years. Nine other medics had their convictions overturned in June 2012 and two are hiding. The case against the medics has drawn international condemnation and has been seen as a test of the government's commitment to reform.
2 October Bahraini police have arrested another five medical personnel after yesterday's court decision to reject appeals to overturn a total of 11 medical professionals were convicted for roles anti-government protests last year in the Gulf kingdom. The move is likely to bring more criticism from rights groups, which denounced the appeals court decision.
Meanwhile, a young Bahraini jailed for taking part in anti-government protests last year has died in custody after being taken to hospital for treatment of a hereditary disease. The Interior Ministry said on Twitter that Mohammed Mushaima, who was serving a prison term, was pronounced dead at a government hospital, where he was admitted on 29 August "for treatment from sickle-cell anemia." The major Bahraini opposition bloc Al Wefaq confirmed Mushaima's death, saying he "passed away in custody [Tuesday] while serving a seven-year sentence for participating in pro-democracy demonstrations."
On the same day, thousands of people had gathered for Mushaima's funeral, which passed peacefully. Clashes erupted afterwards when police stopped hundreds of people trying to march to the Pearl Roundabout, the centre of last year's uprising. Protesters threw petrol bombs and stones at riot police who were trying to disperse them with water cannons after the funeral.
3 October Bahraini authorities released rights activist Zainab al-Khawaja from prison after she served a two-month jail term for "destroying government property".
5 October Protesters have clashed with police in the Bahraini capital, Manama, after their march was stopped from proceeding towards Pearl Roundabout, the focus of the mass protests that began in February last year. Police used water cannon and tear gas to disperse hundreds of protesters on Friday after a memorial for a Shia man, Mohammed Ali Ahmed Mushaima, jailed over last year's pro-democracy uprising. The interior ministry said on Twitter that a "group of terrorists" attacked police with Molotov cocktails and blocked streets, prompting police to take "legal measures" in response.
6 October A local rights group said the Bahraini rights activist Nabeel Rajab has gone on hunger strike, just two days after he was briefly released from jail to attend his mother's funeral. After the funeral, Rajab was taken back into custody and barred from attending the three-day condolence gathering where friends and relatives pay their respects. BCHR said that Rajab called on mourners to "continue their struggle for rights and democracy," and argued his speech was a "peaceful expression of opinion." Authorities say Rajab was barred from attending the condolence gathering because he "committed violations" at the funeral.
7 October A Bahraini medic was freed for time served in jail, just five days after he was sentenced with five colleagues in connection with last year's anti-government protests in the Gulf state. Mahmud Asghar, who was sentenced to six months, was released for time served before his conviction.
8 October Bahraini court denied a request to release rights activist Nabeel Rajab who is serving a three-year sentence for taking part in anti-government protests. Separately, the attorney general announced in a statement on Monday that charges against a police officer accused of shooting dead a protester on 17 August have been dropped.
10 October The Bahraini court has sentenced 4 men to prison for destroying part of a police captain's house with a stolen crane earlier this year. A government statement said the April attack was part of repeated vandalism against the police officer's home and forced his family to move to an undisclosed location of Bahrain. The statement says one man received a two and half year sentence and three others were sentenced on Tuesday to one year in prison.
12 October Thousands took part in a second march along a stretch of highway outside the capital Manama, which passed without incident. The main opposition bloc Al Wefaq organised the larger march, under the slogan "Stop the shedding of our blood, we will not give up our demands". Police in Bahrain fired teargas and stun grenades to disperse hundreds of stone-throwing anti-government protesters marching in the old market area of central Manama, with 10 people were arrested.
15 October Bahrain summoned Iran's chargé d'affaires to protest against what it called interference in its internal affairs. The government statement said Mahdi Islami was called in over Iran's "deliberately attributing false information to Bahraini officials and promoting it in the media" and "through ties and contacts with specific groups in the Bahraini community". Al Wefaq, the main opposition group, said the meeting came after Bahrain asked Iran to "contribute in finding a breakthrough to the political crisis in the country".
16 October