This is a list of wars involving the Republic of Sudan and its predecessors.
Kingdom of Kush (780 BC – 350 AD) Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results Kushite-Assyrian Wars(673–663 BCE) Kingdom of KushNeo-Assyrian Empire Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt Defeat Kingdom of Makuria (5th century AD – late 15th century) Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results First battle of Dongola(642) Kingdom of Makuria Victory
Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results Battle of Dongola(1276) Kingdom of MakuriaMamluk Sultanate Defeat
Funj Sultanate (1504–1841) Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results Battle of the Dindar River(1744) Funj Sultanate Victory
Mahdist Sudan (1881–1899) Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results Mahdist rebellion(1881–1885) India
Eritrea Victory Mahdists gain control of Sudan Fall of Turco-Egyptian Sudan Full British intervention in 1885 Mahdist War(1881–1899) Defeat Sudanese invasions of neighbours repelled Britain and Egypt took over Sudan and turned it into a condominium known as the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan Kassala temporarily occupied by Italy Congo secures the Lado Enclave until 1910 Colonial Sudan (1898–1956) Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results Wad Habuba Revolt(1908) Anglo-Egyptian Sudan Mahdist rebels Victory Al-Qadir leaves to Omdurman on a donkey Katifa bloodlessly recaptured by the British Rebel attempts to recapture Katfia failInvasion of Darfur(1916) Anglo-Egyptian SudanSultanate of DarfurSenussi StateVictory Sultanate of Darfur annexed into Anglo-Egyptian Sudan Death of Ali Dinar Post-independence (from 1956) Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results South Sudanese wars of independence (1955–2005) Sudan Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) Arab militias Arab Tribes in Sudan South Sudan Anyanya South Sudan People's Defence Forces South Sudan Liberation Movement Different Factions and splinter groups StalemateKadhim, Abbas K. Governance in the Middle East and North Africa: A Handbook. London: Routledge, 2013, p. 422 Comprehensive Peace Agreement Independence of the Republic of South Sudan following a 2011 referendum Unresolved issues result in the Sudan–SPLM-N conflict, and the South Sudanese Civil War First Sudanese Civil War (1955–1972) Anglo-Egyptian Sudan(1955–1956) Republic of the Sudan(1956–1969) Democratic Republic of the Sudan(1969–1972)Combat support:(Joint operations on Ugandan territory, 1965–1969) Libyan Arab Republic(From 1969 and combat involvement at least in 1970)Non-combat support: Kingdom of Libya (until 1969) SDF mutineers, bandits, and unaffiliated separatist militias ALF (1965–1970) Anyanya (from 1963) (from 1969)Supported by: (from about 1970) Congo-Léopoldville Stalemate Addis Ababa Agreement Establishment of the Southern Sudan Autonomous Region with various defined powers Lebanese Civil War(1976–1979) ADF LF Withdrawal End of ADF mandate following the Hundred Days' War Iran–Iraq War(1982–1988)Iran-Iraq War Timeline - Wilson Center , p. 14 Iraq MEK DRFLA KDPI KDP PUK Badr Brigades Stalemate Both Iraq and Iran accepted UNSC Resolution 598 Second Sudanese Civil War (1983–2005) Sudan Armed Forces PDF Army of Peace Muraheleen Ex-FAR and Interahamwe SSDF SPLA dissidents SPLA-Nasir SPLA-United SSIM/A Nuer White Army Ugandan insurgents: LRA WNBF UNRF (II) al-Qaeda Combat aid: Dixon, Jeffrey S., and Meredith Reid Sarkees. A Guide to Intra-state Wars an Examination of Civil, Regional, and Intercommunal Wars, 1816–2014, p. 392. Los Angeles, CA: Sage Reference, 2016. Non-combat aid: SPLA SPLA-Mainstream SPLA-Agar SPDF ALF Titweng SSLMNDASudanese Alliance Forces Anyanya II Eastern Coalition Derg PDR Ethiopia FDR Ethiopia "Military Support for Sudanese Opposition Forces." Sudan. Retrieved 6 January 2016.Non-combat aid: Collins, Robert O. Africa's Thirty Years War: Libya, Chad, and the Sudan, 1963–1993, p. 194.: Westview Press, 1999. Stalemate Comprehensive Peace Agreement Eastern Sudan Peace Agreement Independence of the Republic of South Sudan following a 2011 referendum Unresolved issues result in the Sudan–SPLM-N conflict, and the South Sudanese Civil War First Congo War(1996–1997) FAZ White Legion Ex-FAR/ALiR Interahamwe CNDD-FDD UNITA ADF FLNCSupported by: (denied)
Mai-Mai AFDL SPLASupported by: (covertly)
Mai-Mai AFDL victory Overthrow of the Mobutu regime Zaire renamed back to the Democratic Republic of the Congo Installation of Laurent-Désiré Kabila as president Beginning of Second Congo War War in Darfur (2003–2020) SAF Janjaweed RSF Chadian rebel groups Anti-Gaddafi forces (2011) Supported by: (2011–2020) (until 2016) Syria (2000s, alleged)Ofcansky, Thomas P. (2015). "Foreign Military Assistance" (PDF). In Berry, LaVerle (ed.). Sudan: a country study (5th ed.). Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. pp. 344–347. ISBN 978-0-8444-0750-0. SRF(2006–2020) JEM (2003–2020) SLA (some factions) (2003–2020) LJM (2010–11) SLA (some factions) SARC (2014–2020) SLFA (2017–2020) SLA-Unity SLMJ JEM (Jali) Supported by:
(2005–2010) (until 2008)Afrol News – Eritrea, Chad accused of aiding Sudan rebels 7 de septiembre de 2007 Libya (until 2011) Sudan adjusting to post-Gaddafi era (until 2015)
UNAMID (2007–2020) Stalemate Intertwined with the Sudanese conflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile (Until 2020) Comprehensive peace agreement signed with most rebel groups Darfur Peace Agreement Invasion of Anjouan(2008) African Union
Supported by:
Victory Mohamed Bacar flees to Mayotte Autonomous government of Anjouan is replaced War in South Kordofan (2011–2020) SRF (until 2020) JEM SPLM–N SLA Alleged support: Stalemate Comprehensive peace agreement signed between some rebel factions and the transitional government Strongest rebel faction in South Kordofan and Blue Nile refused to sign peace deal Heglig Crisis (2012) JEM SPLM-N Victory South Sudanese withdrawal from Heglig Agreement on borders and natural resources signed on 26 September Saudi-led intervention in Yemen (2015–present) Hadi government Southern Movement Houthi government Ongoing Houthis dissolve Yemeni government Houthis take control of northern Yemen Al-Fashaga conflict(2020–2022) Amhara militiasAlleged: Sudanese military victory Status quo ante bellum Disengagement and de-escalation Sudan recaptures all of the border territory with Ethiopia. Sudan and Ethiopia agree to settle all disputes peacefully.Sudanese civil war (2023–present) Sudanese government Sudanese Armed Forces PDF Popular Resistance Al-Bara Battalion AWB SPLM-N (Agar) JEM SLM (Minnawi) SLM (Tambour) (from August 2023) Darfur Joint Protection Force(from November 2023)Supported by: Saudi Arabia Government of Peace and Unity (from April 2025) Rapid Support Forces Non-RSF Janjaweed militias SPLM-N (al-Hilu) (from February 2025) Tamazuj (from August 2023) Libyan National ArmyDesert WolvesSupported by: Wagner Group Chad (alleged)
SLM (al-Nur) SPLM-N (al-Hilu) (June 2023 – February 2025)Ongoing Rapid Support Forces occupy most of Darfur, and parts of Kordofan. SPLM-N (al-Hilu) occupies parts of South Kordofan. SLM (al-Nur) control parts of Darfur Sudanese Armed Forces retake the Khartoum area by 20 May 2025. Sudanese Armed Forces retain control of northern, eastern, and central areas of the country.
See also East African Campaign (World War II)
Bibliography First Sudanese Civil War: Assefa, Hizkias. 1987. Mediation of Civil Wars, Approaches and Strategies – The Sudan Conflict. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press. Eprile, Cecil. War and Peace in the Sudan, 1955 – 1972. David and Charles, London. 1974. . Johnson, Douglas H. 1979. "Book Review: The Secret War in the Sudan: 1955–1972 by Edgar O'Ballance". African Affairs 78 (310):132–7. O'Ballance, Edgar. 1977. The Secret War in the Sudan: 1955–1972. Hamden, Connecticut: Archon Books. (Faber and Faber edition ). Poggo, Scopas Sekwat. 1999. War and Conflict in Southern Sudan, 1955–1972. PhD Dissertation, University of California, Santa Barbara.
Notes
References
Sources
External links Second Sudanese Civil War: Background Q & A: The Darfur Crisis, Esther Pan, Council on Foreign Relations, cfr.org Price of Peace in Africa: Agreement in Sudan Between Government and Rebel Photojournalist's Account – Displacement of Sudan's second civil war In pictures: Sudan trek – of returning refugees after the war, BBC, 14 June 2005 With Peace, Sudan Faces Hard Choices, Washington Post, 28 July 2005 The Nuba Mountains Homepage Bishop calls for Churchwide day of prayer and fasting for an end to Sudan violence on 26 June 2011 – leading up to the 9 July expected day of new independence for the Southern Sudan. War in Darfur: Sudan: Passion of the Present, includes list of web news and resources Rashdan, Abdelrahman, FAQs on DarfurIslamOnline.net. Retrieved 2007-09-13. Darfur Report Analyzing Darfur's Conflict of Definitions: Interview with Prof. Mahmood Mamdani. Retrieved 2009-03-19. "Khartoum bashing": an article in the TLS by Justin Willis, 7 November 2003 Rule of Law in Armed Conflict – Sudan Insight on Conflict, SIRC The Small Arms Survey – Sudan Photojournalist's Account – Displacement caused by the genocide in Darfur ODI HPG Policy Brief: Humanitarian Advocacy in Darfur: the challenge of neutrality : an article in Islam Story by Dr Ragheb Elsergany, 16 March 2009 Genocide – A Penn State Conversation about Darfur "On our Watch": PBS Frontline documentary at the University of South Florida Crisis in Darfur, Sudan, Web Archive, 2006 from the U.S. Library of Congress