Events in the year 1878 in Portugal.

Incumbents Monarch: Louis I Prime Minister: António José de Ávila, 1st Duke of Ávila and Bolama (until 26 January); Fontes Pereira de Melo (starting 26 January)

Events 13 October – Portuguese legislative election, 1878 Births

6 April – Carolina Beatriz Ângelo, physician (died 1911) 8 October – Walther Katzenstein, sports rower (died 1929). 9 November – Álvaro de Castro, politician (died 1928)

Deaths 6 October – Daniel da Silva, mathematician (born 1814)

References