Albano Laziale (), sometimes known simply as Albano (; ), is a (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital, on the Alban Hills, in the Italian region of Lazio. Rome is distant. It is bounded by other communes of Castel Gandolfo, Rocca di Papa, Ariccia and Ardea.
Partially included in the Roman Castles Regional Park, Albano is one of its most important municipalities, and a busy commercial centre.Dati ISTAT – Comune di Marino It has been also a suburbicarian bishopric since the 5th century, a historic principality of the Savelli family, and from 1699 to 1798 the inalienable possession of the Holy See.
Geography
Territory
The territory of Albano Laziale is and one of the largest of Colli Albani; sixth after Velletri at , Lanuvio at , Rocca di Papa at , Rocca Priora at and Marino at . According to the classification given by the Geological Survey of ItalyCarta Geologica d'Italia, foglio 150 (Roma), edizione 1967. most of the territory is similar to other areas of the Colli Albani, from lands classified as v 2."Manifestazioni eruttive finali. Brecce piroclastiche d'esplosione con lapilli, proiettili leucocrati, ultrafenici, pirosseniti biotiche, più enoliti di cave leucitiche e del substrato, facies cineritiche superiormente straterellate, in strati e banchi consolidati (peperino) rapidamente assottigliatosi allontanandosi dai centri d'emissione (laghetti di Pavona e di Giuturna, v7)." Carta Geologica d'Italia, foglio 150.
Hydrography The main hydrographic feature is Lake Albano, whose full name is actually Lake Albano and Castel Gandolfo. In fact, most coastal lakes are relevant to the town of Castel Gandolfo, while the remainder are in the Albanense territory. The lake basin is run by the Metropolitan City of Rome. Some small streams, often dry,Istituto Geografico Militare, Foglio n° 151 della Carta d'Italia – Albano Laziale (ricognizioni generali 1931, ricognizioni parziali 1946). start from the north: Fosso of Santa Palomba, originates from springs from the hills of the Colli Albani area of the old town, and flows westwards to the town of Santa Palomba, in the municipality of Rome and Pomezia. Fosso of Chancellor, originates from springs from the Chancellor resort, in Ariccia common, about above sea level, and continues to flow in a south-south-west to the Tyrrhenian Sea. Fosso di Valle Caia, originates from the Quarto Negroni, bordering with the municipality of Ariccia at of National Road 207 Nettunense and continues its path towards the Tyrrhenian Sea in the west. Fosso di Montagnano; originates from drain water that is collected in the local mountains, between the towns of Albano, Ariccia and Ardea, and continues to the arm for the west the Tyrrhenian Sea.
Topography
The highest peak of the town of Albano is the Colle dei Cappuccini, located at 615 m above sea level. From the hill, which houses a pine forest adjacent to the Capuchin Monastery, there is a remarkable overview of Lake Albano, Agro Romano and Monte Cavo. The historic center of Albano has a maximum gradient of 11%, or 47 metres, 435, taking into consideration the distance between the Cathedral of San Pancrazio (384 m asl) and the St. Paul's Church (431 m asl). Other altitudes through the center of town are Villa Altieri, at kilometre 25 of the State Road 7 Via Appia (363 m asl) and the Church of Stella (391 m asl).Giuseppe Lugli, I Castra Albana – Un accampamento militare al XIV miglio della via Appia, in Studi e ricerche su Albano archeologica 1914-1967, p. 212, Roma, Comune di Albano Laziale, 1969. The hill town of Castel Savelli is 280 m above sea level, while the underlying fraction of Pavona is built at 110 m above sea level. The village of Cecchina at the railway station is located at 212 m above sea level.
Climate In terms of climate, the area falls within the domain of the temperate Mediterranean climate with mild winters, with temperatures higher than those autumnal spring, summer breezes. In the area of Colli Albani, so even at Albano, presents the phenomenon called TSUE, which is the reduction of water vapour in the clouds as the ground rises. So there will be more rainfall on the foothills of the hills, facing the sea, south southwest, and to the north. Albano, lying on the trajectory of the current wet Tyrrhenian, is fairly rainy with 900–1000 mm annual precipitation. The winds blow mainly from the south and west, more rarely from the north and east.S. Ciccacci, L. D'Alessandro, L. Davoli, G.B. La Monica, E. Lupia Palmieri, Caratteristiche Climatiche, Geomorfologiche, Sedimentologiche e Idrogeologiche in Vincenzo Carunchio (ed.), Valutazione della Situazione Ambientale del Lago di Nemi, Roma: Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza" e Provincia di Roma, 1987, pp. 17-45. Summer is hot and dry, with a mild and rainy winter with snow quite rarely and only in the presence of a marked generalised cold. In summer, temperatures can reach with peaks of in rare cases. The temperature never reached .
Etymology
The name Albano is still a source of debate. In Roman times, the territory of Latium was called Albanum: Albanum (Pompeians Domitiani, etc.).The estate of the wealthy Romans on the Colli Albani (Ager Albanus) and Castra Albana was the name of the camp built by Septimius Severus, within the confines of the fund Albanum previously owned by Domitian, to accommodate the Legio II Parthica. This place-name hypothesis is considered the most reliable as the root of these ties in Indo-European * alb / * alp indicating a high location, the Mons Albanus (now Monte Cavo) in this case, while it was the centre of worship and common pasture (compascuo). Other assumptions, however, considered valid are the Latin place-name adjective albus ("white") or Greek αλαβα ("ash"). Etymologically proposed Albanum / Castra Albana is the same as being proposed for Alba Longa, whose location is not known with certainty, but placed in a medieval tradition of urban core areas of modern Albano Laziale . The second part of the Latium name of was used in 1873 to distinguish the city from Albano Sant'Alessandro (Bergamo), Albano Vercellese (Vercelli province) and Albano di Lucania (Potenza province).
History
Ancient age The first recorded evidence of human settlement in the town of Albano Laziale dates from the beginning of the first millennium BC with the remains of settlements of Tor Paluzzi, Castel Savelli and Colle dei Cappuccini.Pino Chiarucci, "La Civiltà Laziale e gli insediamenti albani in particolare", in Pino Chiarucci (editor), Il Lazio Antico – Corso di Archeologia tenutosi presso il Museo Civico di Albano 1982-1983, p. 35. The human presence in these locations, is maintained even in later times, while from Laziale IIB period (830 BCE – 730 BCE) start to appear due to traces of the mythical foundation Latin capital of Alba Longa.Pino Chiarucci, "La Civiltà Laziale e gli insediamenti albani in particolare", in Pino Chiarucci (editor), Il Lazio Antico – Corso di Archeologia tenutosi presso il Museo Civico di Albano 1982-1983, p. 39. Most modern historians seems inclined to place the site of Alba Longa in between the towns of Marino, Rocca di Papa and Ariccia on the eastern side of Lake Albano, which is opposite to the present city of Albano.
Albano is located in the area in which, according to the legend, Aeneas's son, Ascanius, founded Alba Longa. Today the coat of arms of Albano still sports the white (Latin: Alba) boar seen by Aeneas (Virgil's Aeneid Book VIII) which was the sign as to where Ascanius should found the new city. Alba Longa was one of the main cities of the Latins and, again according to the legend, the birthplace of Romulus and Remus, the mythical founders of Rome. Albanense in the territory, were then subjected to a large extent the wealthy of Aricia, which built several suburban villas built by the leading exponents of the Roman nobility. Pompey had a villa, the Albanum Pompeii, whose ruins have been found inside of the Villa Doria Pamphili. A villa belonging to the Seneca would be identified within the ruins found on the south ridge of Lake Albano, bordering the town of Ariccia. All of these residences, at the time of Emperor Domitian were combined into a single fund owned by the Emperor's Albanum Cesaris, within which erected a monumental imperial residence, with the ruins mostly contained in the Villa Barberini at Castel Gandolfo.Girolamo Torquati, Studi storico-archeologici sulla città e sul territorio di Marino, vol. I, capp. II–X. The Emperor Septimius Severus around 202 had installed in place of the old town of the Legio II Parthica. Thus were born the Castra Albana, which were huge camps that remained in operation until the end of 3rd century. Albano developed from this settlement, as is shown by the main streets, which still follow the ancient decumanus and cardo. Remains of the large baths built by Septimius' son, Caracalla, are still visible.
Middle Ages and early Modern era (476–1699)
In 326, Emperor Constantine I, according to an established tradition, ordered the founding of the Albanense cathedral dedicated to St. John the Baptist. According to sources, Constantine donated to the newly formed cathedral, various sacred vessels and several estates and funds in Ager Albanus. During the Gothic War, Albano was reduced from municipium to oppidulum, a small fortified city.Riccy, Memorie storiche dell'antichissima Alba-Longa e dell'Albano moderna.
In 964, Emperor Otto I conferred the investiture at Albano to Virginio Savelli, his captain in Rome. Pope Paschal II in 1118 took refuge in Albano as a hostile insurgency occupied Rome, and found that Albanensi loyalty be granted perpetual exemption from taxes of milling wheat.Il testo del decretale di esenzione, riportato su marmo dagli albanensi, era fino al 1719 incastonato sopra la porta della Cattedrale di San Pancrazio, ma poi venne spostato nall'interno della chiesa presso il battistero.
During the schism of anti-pope Anacletus with Pope Innocent II in 1137 the anti-pope marched on Lazio Albano and other locations to extend its domain, but these territories were taken over by Innocent II. In the Year 1142, Albano was sacked by the Saracens. After the Battle of Monte Porzio, in 1168, the Roman people thought it well to take revenge on Albano, who had sided with the city 's Emperor Frederick Barbarossa against Rome, and so the town was looted and razed. Given the state of abandonment, Pope Innocent III gave the monastery of St. Paul Outside the Walls the Palatium with the churches of Santa Maria Minor and St. Nicholas and their dependencies. In 1436 it was razed along with Castel Savelli by Cardinal Giovanni Maria Vitelleschi, by order of Pope Eugenius IV. In 1697 Albano switched to direct control of the Holy See.Collocate, secondo il Lugli, nei vomitoria dell'anfiteatro romano.
Feudal era (1699–1798) Pope Pius VI in 1780 began the rearrangement of the Via Appia, to achieve a fast link between Rome and Terracina, where there was intense work on the reclamation of the Pontine Marshes. The first route of the new "National Road" arrived to follow the Via Appia Antica, only to stray from the path along the ridge of ancient Vallericcia to arrive at Genzano, avoiding the sharp uphill to reach Ariccia. Only with the construction of the Ariccia bridge under the pontificates of Pope Gregory XVI and Pius IX (1839–1849) will outline the current route of State Road 7 Via Appia. The opening of the new route of the Via Appia undoubted benefited Albano and locations along its course.Giovanni Antonio Ricci, Memorie storiche dell'antichisima città di Alba Longa e dell'Albano moderno, libro III, capo VIII pp. 254-255.