Twenty-nine people are recorded as having directed fictional films in the Dutch East Indies between 1926, when L. Heuveldorp released Loetoeng Kasaroeng, the colony's first domestically produced film, and 1949, when the Dutch formally recognised Indonesia's sovereignty after a four-year revolution, leaving the Dutch East Indies defunct. Thirteen directors active in the Indies continued to direct films after 1950, including Usmar Ismail: his 1955 film Darah dan Doa (The Long March) is generally considered the first truly Indonesian film.
The colony's first directors, L. Heuveldorp and George Krugers, were of European or mixed descent. They were followed by ethnic Chinese soon after, when Nelson Wong made his debut in 1928 with Lily van Java; other Chinese directors included Lie Tek Swie (1929), Wong's brothers Joshua and Othniel (1930), and The Teng Chun (1931). Ethnic Chinese directors dominated the colony's cinema for the remainder of its existence. The first native director, Bachtiar Effendi, made his debut in 1932 with the talkie Njai Dasima; another native director would not appear until Andjar Asmara and Rd Ariffien made their debuts in 1940.
The directors active in the Indies came from various backgrounds. Some, like The Teng Chun, Fred Young, and the Wongs, had been interested in film since their youth. Others, such as Njoo Cheong Seng and Andjar, had a background in theatre. Still others, including Albert Balink and Ismail, were journalists by trade. They were all men; the first woman to direct a film in the Indonesian archipelago, Ratna Asmara, made her debut after the Indies were dissolved. Between them, the 29 men directed some 103 films, at times working collaboratively; it was not unusual for them to take more than one role in production. However, they generally had less creative control than the producer.
The following list is sorted alphabetically by default, with further sorting capability in certain fields; owing to differing naming conventions between cultures, not all entries are sorted by last name. The list only counts fictional films directed by the subjects and does not include films from other genres or films in which the person held other roles. The names of persons credited with an abbreviated name are written in full, where available. __NOTOC__
Film directors + Key Indicates continued directorial activity after 1949
+ Film directors of the Dutch East Indies Name Fictional film debut Debut year Films directed before 1949 Total films directed Ref(s). Andjar Asmara Kartinah 1940 5 5 Harta Berdarah 1940 4 32 Pareh 1935 2 2 Boen Kim Nam Mega Mendoeng 1941 1 1 De Stem des Bloeds 1930 3 3 Selendang Delima 1941 1 12 Njai Dasima 1932 1 4 Pareh 1935 2 2 Loetoeng Kasaroeng 1926 1 1 Harta Berdarah 1940 2 4 Harta Karun 1949 2 28 Jo An Djan Kedok Ketawa 1940 5 6 Jo Eng Sek Pah Wongso Pendekar Boediman 1940 3 3 Djatoeh Berkait 1944 1 1 Eulis Atjih 1927 3 3 Lie Tek Swie Njai Dasima 1929 6 6 Njoo Cheong Seng Kris Mataram 1940 5 8 Elang Darat 1941 3 5 Roestam Sutan Palindih Di Menara 1943 3 3 Boenga Sembodja 1942 3 19 Sinjo Tjo Main di Film 1931 2 2 Sutan Usman Karim Panggilan Darah 1941 2 2 Tan Tjoei Hock Dasima 1940 9 9 The Teng Chun Boenga Roos dari Tjikembang 1931 16 17 Lari ke Arab 1930 10 12 Lily van Java 1928 6 6 Lari ke Arab 1930 10 13 Wu Tsun Lintah Darat 1941 4 4 Sehidup Semati 1949 2 23
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