Ludwig Deutsch (13 May 1855 – 9 April 1935) was a French painter of Austrian origin, who settled in Paris and became a noted Orientalist artist. Having studied at the Vienna Academy of Fine Arts from 1872 to 1875, he moved to Paris in 1878, where he became associated with other Orientalist painters. Most of his works were painted in his studio in Paris, but he had visited Egypt on several journeys from 1885 to 1898. In 1919, he became a French citizen and started to write his name as Louis Deutsch.
Life and career Details of Ludwig Deutsch's life are obscure. He was born in Vienna in 1855 into a well-established Jewish family. His father Ignaz Deutsch was a financier at the Austrian court.Guenther Wimmer, Martina Haja: Les Orientalistes des Ecoles allemande et autrichienne. Courbevoie 2000. ISBN 978-2-86770-140-5
He received his early art training at the Akademie der Bildenden Künste (Academy of Fine Arts Vienna) under the tutelage of Anselm Feuerbach (1875–1877). In 1877, when Feuerbach retired as a teacher, Deutsch and some others students attempted to enter the class of Leopold Carl Müller, who had moved to Paris in 1876, but initially were refused entry. In 1878 Deutsch was finally accepted. At around this time, he may also have studied with Jean-Paul Laurens.Thornton, L., The Orientalists: Painter-travellers, 1828–1908, Volume 1, ACR Édition, 1983, p. 210 In Paris, Deutsch made the acquaintance of artists Arthur von Ferraris, Jean Discart and Rudolf Ernst, who became his lifelong friend.Orientalism: Delacroix to Klee Roger Benjamin, Mounira Khemir, Ursula Prunster – 1997 "Rudolph Ernst, like his friend Ludwig Deutsch, was a Viennese-born Orientalist who settled in Paris during the 1870s."Hali, The international magazine of antique carpet and textile art: Volume 8 1986 "Ludwig Deutsch is perhaps the Austrian Orientalist most sought after by collectors. One of his works on show, 'The Scholar', is a fine example of the artist at his very best. Dated 1901 and painted in Paris, like the vast majority of his works, it has ..." Through these friendships, Deutsch developed an interest in Orientalist art.
Around 1880, he broke his contacts with Vienna and settled permanently in Paris. He established a studio at the Rue Le Pelletier in Paris and began to exhibit paintings with much success.Roger Benjamin, Mounira Khemir, Ursula Prunster (1997) Orientalism: Delacroix to Klee. "Rudolph Ernst, like his friend Ludwig Deutsch, was a Viennese-born Orientalist who settled in Paris during the 1870s."
Though his earliest Orientalist subjects appeared in 1881, Deutsch's first documented journeys to the Middle East were made in 1885, 1890, and 1898, when he visited Egypt.Weeks, E.M., "Ludwig Deutsch," [Catalog Note], Bonhams, Online: https://www.bonhams.com/auctions/24213/lot/48/ Throughout the 1890s, he visited Egypt at least three times. Like many of his contemporaries, he found inspiration in the North African light, colours, scenery and customs. He collected a vast quantity of Oriental objects, including tiles, furniture, arms, pipes, fabrics, and costumes, which he would subsequently use in his paintings.AlSayyad, N., Bierman, I.A. and Rabbat, N., Making Cairo Medieval, Lexington Books, 2005, p. 117
Work His early work focused primarily on historical subjects, but after visiting Egypt, he concentrated on Orientalist scenes. He was particularly interested in capturing the rich, opulent scenes of Cairo and its environs. The detail in his paintings is excellent. He was prolific, producing many paintings with the same theme – prayers, guards, musicians, street vendors etc.Netton, I.T., Orientalism Revisited: Art, Land and Voyage, Routledge, 2012, p. 123 In order to produce paintings in large volume, he created a very economical approach, using the same settings with different subjects and activities to create an impression of variety.AlSayyad, N., Bierman, I.A. and Rabbat, N., Making Cairo Medieval, Lexington Books, 2005, p. 117
Many of Ludwig Deutsch's paintings are now in the Shafik Gabr Collection.Gabr, S., Shafik Gabr: Masterpieces of Orientalist Art: The Shafik Gabr Collection, ACR edition, 2012 Amongst his best known works are: The Scribe, painted 6 years after Paul Joanowits did Bashi-Bazouks Before a Gateway but in the same location, and Musical Interlude. Among Austrian Orientalist painters, his works are considered to be some of the most sought after by collectors.Hali, The international magazine of antique carpet and textile art: Volume 8 1986 "Ludwig Deutsch is perhaps the Austrian Orientalist most sought after by collectors. One of his works on show, The Scholar. is a fine example of the artist at his very best. Dated 1901 and painted in Paris, like the vast majority of his works, it has ..."
Like many of his contemporaries, including Paul Joanovitch, Rudolf Ernst and Jean-Léon Gérôme, Deutsch made extensive use of photography to ensure archaeological accuracy in his painted renderings of local architectural features (e.g. tiles, ablaq stone work, and the traditional woodwork) in what has been described as "documentary realism". Nissan N. Perez, Curator of Photography at the Israel Museum, wrote for example, that "the details in masonry and the angle of view in Deutsch's paintings El Azhar - The Arab University in Cairo (1890) and The Scribe (1904)" are doubtlessly inspired by photographs of Cairo-based photographer Gabriel Lekegian of the same places.Perez, Nissan N. (1988) Focus East: Early Photography in the Near East 1839-1885. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., p.190 This allowed him to use the Orient as inspiration, but to produce most of his paintings in his Paris studio.Behdad, A., Camera Orientalis: Reflections on Photography of the Middle East, University of Chicago Press, 2016, p. 25; Behdad, A, and Gartlanm (eds)., Photography's Orientalism: New Essays on Colonial Representation, Getty Publications, p. 16
Selected paintings
Select list of paintings
The Domino Players, 1882 An Orientalist Amateur, 1883 (Painting exhibited at the Salon of French Artists, and now presumed lost) The Musician, 1883 The Sentinel, 1885 News from Sudan, 1885 The Answer, 1886 The Sherbert Vendor, 1886 The Hour of Prayer, 1887 The Snake Charmers, 1888 Court of El Azhar University, Cairo, 1890 The Healer, 1891 The Orange Seller, 1892 The Palace Guard, 1892 The Emir's Guard, 1893 The Scribe, 1894 The Scholar, 1895 The Chess Game 1896 The Philosopher, 1897 The Offering, 1897 Prayer at the Tomb, 1898 Leaving the Mosque, 1900 The Learned, 1900 Interior of Mosque, 1902 The Harem Watchman 1903 The Koran School, 1905 Morning Prayer, 1906 The Narghil Smoker, 1907 Le Maitre, 1907 The Procession of the Mahmal through the Streets of Cairo, 1909 At Prayer, 1911 The Scribe, 1911 The Treasure Chest, 1920 At Prayer, 1923 The Fortune Teller, 1927 Musical Interlude, 1932
See also
List of Orientalist artists
References