A number of histologic stains are used in the field of dermatology that aid in the diagnosis of conditions of or affecting the human integumentary system.
+ Positive histologic stains that aid in the diagnosis of conditions of or affecting the human integumentary system Stain Cell, material, and/or structure(s) stained Condition(s) in which stain is positive Actin-specific enolase Infantile digital fibromatosis AE1/AE3 Squamous cell carcinoma Alcian blue Lipoid proteinosisPapular mucinosisScleredemaPretibial myxedemaMucopolysaccharidoses Alizarin red Calcinosis cutis Azure A Mast cell Mastocytosis Bcl-2 Basal cell carcinomaPrimary cutaneous marginal zone lymphomaDiffuse large B-cell lymphoma leg type Bcl-6 Primary cutaneous follicular lymphoma BerEp4 Desmoplastic trichoepitheliomaBasal cell carcinoma Brown–Brenn Eumycotic mycetoma CAM 5.2 Merkel cell carcinoma CCR7 Melanoma Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) Eccrine gland Extramammary Paget's diseaseMicrocystic adnexal carcinomaEccrine poroma CD1a Langerhans cell Langerhans cell histiocytosisIndeterminate cell histiocytosis CD4 Mycosis fungoidesSézary syndrome CD5 Chronic lymphocytic leukemia CD8 Pagetoid reticulosis CD10 Renal cell carcinoma CD15 Hodgkin's disease CD20 Primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphomaPrimary cutaneous follicular lymphomaDiffuse large B-cell lymphoma leg type CD30 (Ki-1) Lymphomatoid papulosisPrimary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphomaEosinophilic ulcer of the oral mucosaHodgkin's disease CD31 Endothelial cell Kaposi's sarcomaAngiosarcomaIntravascular large B-cell lymphoma CD34 Dermal dendritic cell Desmoplastic trichoepitheliomaSpindle cell lipomaAngiosarcomaDermatofibrosarcoma protuberansAtypical fibroxanthomaPleomorphic fibromaIntravascular large B-cell lymphoma CD38 Plasma cell Multiple myelomaPlasmablastic lymphomaPagetoid reticulosis CD44 Merkel cell carcinoma CD56 Extranodal natural killer cell lymphomaMerkel cell carcinoma CD68 Benign cephalic histiocytosisGeneralized eruptive histiocytosisIndeterminate cell histiocytosisJuvenile xanthogranulomaNecrobiotic xanthogranulomaGiant cell reticulohistiocytomaMulticentric reticulohistiocytosisXanthoma disseminatumRosai–Dorfman diseaseAtypical fibroxanthomaMelanoma CD79a Primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphomaPrimary cutaneous follicular lymphomaDiffuse large B-cell lymphoma leg type CD117 Mast cell Mastocytosis CD138 Plasma cell Multiple myelomaPlasmablastic lymphoma CD207 (Langerin) Langerhans cell Langerhans cell histiocytosis Chloracetate esterase (Leder) Mast cell Mastocytosis Chromogranin A Merkel cell carcinoma Cystokeratin 7 Paget's disease (breast and extramammary) Cytokeratin 20 Extramammary Paget's disease of endodermal originMerkel cell carcinoma Colloidal iron Papular mucinosisScleredemaPretibial myxedema Congo red AmyloidosisColloid milium Crystal violet AmyloidosisColloid milium D2-40 Lymphangioma circumscriptum de Galantha Pseudogout Dylon Amyloidosis Epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) Eccrine glandSebaceous gland Paget's diseaseextramammary Paget's diseaseMicrocystic adnexal carcinomaSebaceous carcinomaRenal cell carcinomaSchwannoma Factor VIII Dabska-type hemangioendotheliomaAngiosarcoma Factor XIII Cutaneous focal mucinosis Factor XIIIa Dermal dendritic cell DermatofibromaEpithelioid cell histiocytoma Fite LeprosyNocardiosis Fontana–Masson Cryptococcus neoformans Cryptococcus Giemsa Mast cell MastocytosisMucopolysaccharidoses Gomori methenamine silver Histoplasma capsulatumBlastomyces dermatitidisCoccidioides immitisParacoccidioides brasiliensis HistoplasmosisBlastomycosisCoccidioidomycosisParacoccidioidomycosis Gross cystic disease fluid protein 15 (GCDFP-15) Apocrine gland Extramammary Paget's disease of cutaneous origin HAM56 Histiocyte Dermatofibroma HMB45 Gp100 (pmel17, silver protein) MelanomaMelanoma stains positive with HMB45 with the exception of desmoplastic melanoma. India Cryptococcus neoformans Cryptococcus KP-1 Histiocyte Dermatofibroma LYVE-1 Kaposi's sarcoma MAC387 Histiocyte MART-1 (MART-1) Melanoma Masson's trichrome Infantile digital fibromatosis Mel-5 TYRP1 Melanoma Methylene blue Mast cell MastocytosisOchronosis MIB-1 Melanoma Muscle-specific actin Glomus tumorDermatofibromaInfantile myofibromatosis Neurofilament Neurofibroma Neuro-specific enolase Merkel cell carcinoma Non-aqueous alcoholic eosin stain (NAES) Pseudogout Oil red O Sebaceous carcinomaAngiokeratoma corporis diffusumSubcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn Peanut agglutinin Basal cell carcinoma Phosphotungsten acid-hematoxylin (PTAH) Infantile digital fibromatosis Pogoda red Amyloidosis Protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5) Nerve sheath myxoma Silver nitrate Urate crystal Gout Sirius red Amyloidosis Smooth muscle actin (SMA) AngiomyxomaLeiomyosarcoma SOX10 Neuroectodermal neoplasms of neural crest origin, especially: Topic Completed: 1 February 2014. Revised: 20 September 2019 Melanoma, although desmoplastic melanomas may be only focally positive. Nevus Sudan IV Leprosy Sudan black Sebaceous carcinoma Synaptophysin Merkel cell carcinoma S100 MelanocyteLangerhans cellSchwann cellChondrocyteAdipocyteEccrine gland Langerhans cell histiocytosisIndeterminate cell histiocytosisSchwannomaNeurofibromaNerve sheath myxoma (Cellular neurothekeoma)Extraskeletal chondroma Thioflavin T AmyloidosisColloid milium Toluidine blue Mast cell MastocytosisMucopolysaccharidosesPapular mucinosisScleredemaPretibial myxedema Tryptase Mast cell Mastocytosis Tyrosinase Tyrosinase Melanoma Ulex eropaeus agglutinin Dabska-type hemangioendothelioma VEGF-3 Dabska-type hemangioendothelioma VEGFR-3 Kaposi's sarcoma Verhoeff van Gieson CollagenElastin Elastosis perforans serpiginosaAcquired perforating dermatosisPerforating periumbilical calcific elastosisPseudoxanthoma elasticum Vimentin Non-specific mesenchymal components MelanomaGlomus tumorDermatofibromaPleomorphic fibroma of the skinEpithelioid cell histiocytoma von Kossa Calcium Calcinosis cutisPseudoxanthoma elasticum Wade Leprosy Wright Blood cells Transient neonatal pustular melanosisStaining of pustule contents in transient neonatal pustular melanosis will reveal numerous neutrophilsErythema toxicum neonatorumStaining of pustule in erythema toxicum neonatorum will reveal numerous eosinophilsGranuloma inguinale Ziehl–Neelsen stain LeprosyThe Ziehl-Neelsen stain is positive in leprosy but notable for being negative with nocardiosis. Fite stain is positive in leprosy and nocardiosis.
Footnotes
See also List of conditions associated with café au lait macules List of contact allergens List of cutaneous conditions associated with increased risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer List of cutaneous conditions associated with internal malignancy List of cutaneous conditions caused by mutations in keratins List of cutaneous neoplasms associated with systemic syndromes List of cutaneous conditions caused by problems with junctional proteins List of dental abnormalities associated with cutaneous conditions List of genes mutated in cutaneous conditions List of genes mutated in pigmented cutaneous lesions List of human leukocyte antigen alleles associated with cutaneous conditions List of immunofluorescence findings for autoimmune bullous conditions List of inclusion bodies that aid in diagnosis of cutaneous conditions List of keratins expressed in the human integumentary system List of radiographic findings associated with cutaneous conditions List of specialized glands within the human integumentary system List of target antigens in pemphigoid List of target antigens in pemphigus List of verrucous carcinoma subtypes
References