The Mare aux Songes (English: "pond of taro"; ) swamp is a lagerstätte located close to the sea in south eastern Mauritius. Many subfossils of recently extinct animals have accumulated in the swamp, which was once a lake, and some of the first subfossil remains of dodos were found there.
History In 1865, a British railway engineer working in south-east Mauritius noticed bones that had been disturbed by workers digging peat. He showed his findings to the government schoolmaster at Mahébourg, George Clark, who subsequently uncovered an abundance of subfossil dodo bones in the swamp. Clark had been searching for thirty years, having been inspired by Strickland & Melville's monograph about the bird. In 1866, Clark explained his procedure to The Ibis, an ornithology journal:
Remains of over 300 dodos were found in the swamp, but only very few skull and wing bones among them, which may be explained by the upper bodies having been washed away or scavenged while the lower body was trapped, which is similar to the way many moa remains have been found in New Zealand marshes. In 1889, Théodor Sauzier was commissioned to find more dodo remains in the Mare aux Songes. He was successful, and also found remains of other extinct species. Twenty-six museums worldwide have significant holdings of dodo material, almost all found in the Mare aux Songes.
In October 2005, after a hundred years of neglect, a part of the Mare aux Songes swamp was excavated by an international team of researchers. To prevent Malaria, the British had covered the swamp in hard core during their rule over Mauritius, which had to be removed. Many remains were found, including bones of dodos in various stages of maturity, and several bones obviously from the skeleton of one individual dodo, which have been preserved in their natural position. These findings were made public in December 2005 in the Naturalis museum in Leiden. Of the fossils found in the swamp, 63% belonged to turtles of the extinct genus Cylindraspis, and 7.1% belonged to dodos, which had been deposited within several centuries, 4000 years ago. Subsequent excavations suggested that dodos, along with other animals, became mired in the Mare aux Songes while trying to reach water during a long period of severe drought about 4,200 years ago.
Paleofauna
The following animals have been identified from fossils in the Mare aux Songes.
Birds Birds reported from the Mare aux Songes Species Authority Common name Family Material IUCN status ImagesAphanapteryx bonasia Selys, 1848Red railRallidaeMandibles, tibiotarsiExtinctFulica newtoni Milne-Edwards, 1867Mascarene cootRallidaeHip and leg bonesExtinctCircus maillardi J. Verreaux, 1862Réunion harrierAccipitridaeTarsometatarsi, tibiae and metacarpalsLocally extinctLophopsittacus mauritianus Owen, 1866Broad-billed parrotPsittaculidaeSkulls, mandibles, sternum, furcula, coracoids, humeri, ulnae, femora, tibiotarsi, carpometacarpus ExtinctPsittacula bensoni Holyoak, 1973Mascarene grey parakeetPsittaculidaePalatinesExtinctRaphus cucullatus Linnaeus, 1758DodoColumbidaeAll skeletal elements known from the swampExtinctAlectroenas nitidissima Scopoli, 1786Mauritius blue pigeonColumbidaeTarsometatarsusExtinctNesoenas mayeri Prévost, 1843Pink pigeonColumbidaeTarsometatarsusEndangeredMascarenotus sauzieri Newton & Gadow, 1893Mauritius owlStrigidaeHumerus, tibia, tarsus, ungualsExtinctPhoenicopterus roseus Pallas, 1811Greater flamingoPhoenicopteridaeTarsometatarsusLocally extinct
Reptiles Reptiles reported from the Mare aux Songes Species Authority Common name Family Material IUCN status ImagesCylindraspis inepta Günther, 1873Saddle-backed Mauritius giant tortoiseTestudinidaeSkulls, carapacesExtinctCylindraspis triserrata Günther, 1873Domed Mauritius giant tortoiseTestudinidaeSkulls, carapacesExtinctPhelsuma cf guimbeaui Mertens, 1963Orange-spotted day geckoGeckoniidaeHumerusEndangeredLeiolopisma mauritiana Günther, 1877Mauritian giant skinkScincidaeMandibles, vertebraeExtinctLeiolopisma telfairii Desjardins, 1831Round Island skinkScincidaeHumerusVulnerableTyphlops cariei Hoffstetter, 1946Hoffstetter's worm snakeTyphlopidaeSeven trunk vertebraeExtinct
Mammals Mammals reported from the Mare aux Songes Species Authority Common name Family Material IUCN status ImagesPteropus niger Kerr, 1792Mauritian flying foxMegachiropteraMandibleEndangeredPteropus subniger Kerr, 1792Small Mauritian flying foxMegachiropteraMandibleExtinctMormopterus acetabulosus Hermann, 1804Natal free-tailed batMicrochiropteraPhalangesVulnerableTaphozous mauritianus Geoffroy, 1818Mauritian tomb batMicrochiropteraPhalangesLeast concern
References