A battaglia is a form of Renaissance and Baroque programme music imitating a battle. The Renaissance form is typically in the form of a madrigal for four or more voices where cannons, fanfares, cries, drum rolls, and other noises of a battle are imitated by voices. The Baroque form is more often an instrumental depiction of a battle.Harvard dictionary of music - Page 86 Willi Apel - 1969 "Battaglia [It.]. Name for a composition in which the fanfares, cries, drum rolls, and general commotion of a battle [It. battaglia] are imitated. This was a favorite subject of *program music from the 16th through the 18th centuries. Late 14th-century ..."
Vocal battaglia works Janequin La Guerre or 'La Bataille' - chanson written to commemorate the Battle of Marignano in 1515, first printed in 1529, Matthias Werrecore La Battaglia Taliana or Die Schlacht vor Pavia 1544, for 4 voices - after the Battle of Pavia 1525. Orazio Vecchi Battaglia d'Amor e Dispetto - an extended madrigal dialogue - allegorical and not related to any battle. But closer to the original battaglia genre than Monteverdi's amor versus guerra, contrasts in that composer's 8th Book of Madrigals. Mateo Flecha La Guerra - an ensalada (music) in Spanish Claudio Monteverdi Il combattimento di Tancredi e Clorinda (1624)
Instrumental battaglia works Andrea Gabrieli Battaglia à 8 per strumenti da fiato William Byrd "The Battell", for keyboard Annibale Padovano Battaglia à 8 per strumenti da fiato Heinrich Biber: Battalia à 10 for solo violin, strings, and continuo
Later battle music not called battaglia Franz Christoph Neubauer: Sinfonie 'La Bataille' - Battle of Focșani 1789 Beethoven: Wellington's Victory - requiring muskets and cannons. To be contrasted with Haydn's tribute Battle of the Nile which does not sonically attempt to depict the battle. Tchaikovsky: 1812 Ouverture Prokofiev: Battle on the ice from Alexander Nevsky - Battle of Lake Peipus, 1242 Shostakovich: first movement of Leningrad Symphony, despite Shostakovich's disclaimers,Robert Cowley, Geoffrey Parker - The Reader's Companion to Military History - Page 390 2001 "In the first movement of his Seventh (Leningrad) Symphony (1941), Dmitri Shostakovich's (1906-1975) musical portrayal of the German invasion of the Soviet Union is obvious, his disclaimer not to have written battle music notwithstanding." Kurpiński: The Battle of Mozhaisk, also known as Grand Symphony Imagining a Battle.
References