Auroville (; City of Dawn French: Cité de l'aube) is an experimental township in Viluppuram district, mostly in the state of Tamil Nadu, India, with some parts in the Union Territory of Puducherry in India. It was founded in 1968 by Mirra Alfassa (known as "the Mother" or "La Mère") and designed by architect Roger Anger.
Etymology Auroville's name is derived from the French language: , meaning "dawn", and , meaning "town" or "city". Additionally, it is named after Sri Aurobindo (1872–1950). .
History
At its Annual Conference in 1964 and with Mirra Alfassa as its Executive President, the Sri Aurobindo Society in Puducherry passed a resolution for the establishment of a city dedicated to the vision of Sri Aurobindo. Alfassa was the spiritual collaborator of Sri Aurobindo, who believed that "man is a transitional being." Alfassa expected that this experimental "universal township" would contribute significantly to the "progress of humanity towards its splendid future by bringing together people of goodwill and aspiration for a better world". Alfassa also believed that such a universal township would contribute decisively to the Indian renaissance.Mother's Agenda, Vol. 9, dt.3.02.68
Alfassa's first public message in 1965 stated:
Site A site, approximately 20 square kilometres of a desertified plateau some 10 km north of Pondicherry and 5 km from the coast, was chosen for the city.
Inauguration The inauguration ceremony, which was attended by delegates from 124 nations, was held on Wednesday, 28 February 1968. Handwritten in French by Alfassa (the "Mother"), its four-point charter set forth her vision of "integral living":
The Matrimandir
In the middle of the town is the Matrimandir, which Alfassa conceived as "a symbol of the Divine's answer to man's aspiration for perfection". Silence is maintained inside the Matrimandir to ensure the tranquility of the space, and the entire area surrounding the Matrimandir is called the "Peace area". Inside the Matrimandir, a spiraling ramp leads upwards to an air-conditioned chamber of polished white marble, which is referred to as "a place to find one's consciousness".
Matrimandir is surrounded by manicured gardens and equipped with a solar power plant. When there is no sunlight, the sunray on the globe is replaced by a beam from a solar-powered light.
Radiating from this center are four "zones" of the city: the "Residential Zone", "Industrial Zone", "Cultural (& Educational) Zone" and "International Zone". Around the city lies a Green Belt, an environmental research and resource area that includes farms and forestries, a botanical garden, a seed bank, medicinal and herbal plants, water catchment bunds, and some communities.
Legal status and government Prior to 1980, the Sri Aurobindo Society legally owned all of the city's assets. In 1980, the Government of India passed the Auroville Emergency Provision Act 1980, under which it took over the city's management. The change was initiated after Mirra Alfassa died in 1973, and serious fissures developed between the Society and the city's residents in its day-to-day management. The residents appealed to Indira Gandhi, then Prime Minister of India, for an intervention. The Society challenged the government's action in the Supreme Court of India. The final verdict upheld the constitutional validity of the government's action and intervention.
In 1988, after the verdict, a need was felt to make a lasting arrangement for the long-term management of Auroville. The city's representatives, along with Kireet Joshi, then Educational Advisor to the Union government, met for consultations with then-prime minister Rajiv Gandhi. Later that year, the Auroville Foundation Act 1988, was passed by the Indian Parliament. The Act stipulated the vesting of all movable and immovable assets of the city in a foundation known as Auroville FoundationAuroville Foundation Act 1988 Teacher Education, Department of School Education and Literacy, Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India. accessed 28 May 2016. and creating a three-tier governing system: the Governing Board, the Residents' Assembly, and the Auroville International Advisory Council.The Auroville Foundation Act – 10 Establishment and incorporation of the Foundation Teacher Education, Department of School Education and Literacy, Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India. accessed 28 May 2016. The Governing Board selected by the Indian government consists of seven prominent Indians in education, culture, environment, and social service in the areas of Auroville's ideals. The International Advisory Council is composed of five members also selected by the government who have rendered valuable service to humanity in the areas of Auroville's ideals. The Residents' Assembly consists of all official residents of the city. All three governing bodies are meant to work in harmony and collaborate to accomplish the ideals of Auroville as mentioned in the charter, as per processes defined in the Auroville Foundation Act.
The Auroville Foundation is an autonomous body under the Ministry of Human Resource Development (HRD). The HRD ministry appoints the seven members of the Governing Board and the five members of the International Advisory Council. There is also a secretary to the Foundation, appointed by the government, who resides in Auroville and has an office with supporting staff.The Auroville Handbook 2013 page 14. The Foundation currently owns about half of the total land required for the township. The remaining lands are being purchased whenever funds are available.
Chairmen throughout the years Karan Singh – former Union Minister, 1991 M. S. Swaminathan – agricultural scientist Kireet Joshi – former Special Educational Advisor to the Government of India R. N. Ravi – Governor of Tamil Nadu
Society and population
In the initial 20 years, about 400 individuals from 20 countries resided in the township. In the next 20 years, this number rose to 2,000 individuals from 40 countries. , it has 2,814 residents (2,127 adults and 687 children) from 54 countries with around 50% from India, and almost 20% from both France and Germany.Census – Auroville population May 2016 Official website for Auroville accessed 28 May 2016 The community had many residential housing clusters with Tamil, English, French and Sanskrit names like Aspiration, Arati, La Ferme, Auromodel and Isaiambalam.
Demographics The population break-down: NationalityDec 2021 Indian 1513 French 462 German 260 Italian 177 Dutch 106 American 117 Russian 82 Spanish 65 British 66 Swiss 41 Israeli 50 Belgian 43 South Korean 52 Swedish 24 Canadian 26 Ukrainian 22Australian 19 Austrian 12 Japanese 13 South African 13 Chinese (excluding Tibetan) 16 Argentinian9 Hungarian 8 Slovenian 6 Mexican 6 Nepalese 6 Brazilian 12 Latvian 4 Belarusian4 Tibetan3 Ethiopian 3 Sri Lankan 3 Bulgarian 2 Moldovan1 Icelandic1 Colombian 5 Rwandan 2 Irish 2 Czech 1 Filipino 2 Danish 5 Taiwanese 2 Ecuadorian 1 Egyptian 1 Algerian 1 Finnish 2 Iranian9 Kazakh 4 Lithuanian 2 Chilean2Macedonian4Norwegian2Portuguese2Croatian1Indonesian1Luxembourger1Polish1Sudanese1Romanian1Total3,302
Surrounding villages Auroville works closely together with the surrounding villages, where mainly Tamil people reside, via the Auroville Village Action Trust under which many different projects including the villages fall. The biggest one under the trust is the Auroville Village Action Group (AVAG), which has programs for women's empowerment, education, and financial support and also sells its own products in the name of AVAL, Surya, and Kudumbam as social enterprise work. Other activities falling under the trust are the Life Education Centre, Auroville Industrial School, Mohanam cultural centre, Auroville Health Services, Deepam school for disabled children, Thamarai community centre, Martuvam Healing forest, and the Reach for the Stars! program enabling higher education for village youth. Concerns exist because of violence allegedly caused by criminal elements entering from the surrounding villages.
Economy Instead of paper and coin currency, residents are given account numbers to connect to their central account. Visitors are requested to get a temporary account and an Aurocard, a special debit card for its citizens.
Residents of Auroville are expected to make a monthly contribution to the community. They are asked to help the community whenever possible by work, money, or kind. The "guest contribution", or a daily fee paid by the guests of Auroville, constitutes a part of Auroville's budget. There is a system of "maintenance", whereby those Aurovilians in need can receive from the community monthly maintenance which covers simple basic needs of life. Auroville's economy and its overall life are of an evolving nature and there are ongoing experiments to reach closer to the vision.
The Government of India only finances a small amount of Auroville's budget, which is mainly formed by contributions from Auroville's commercial units which contribute 33% of their profits to Auroville's Central Fund and by donations, largely foreign, from Auroville's multiple international bases set up all over the world. There are guest houses, building construction units, information technology, small and medium scale businesses, producing and re-selling items such as handmade paper for stationery items, organic food, as well as producing its well-known incense sticks, which can be bought in Auroville's own shop in Puducherry. They are also sold online in India and abroad. Each of these units contributes a considerable part of their profits to the township. Over 5,000 people, mostly from the nearby localities, are employed in various sections and units of Auroville.
Other activities include afforestation, organic agriculture, basic educational research, health care, village development, appropriate technology, town planning, water table management, cultural activities, and community services.
Location
Auroville is composed of a cluster of properties some north of Pondicherry. It can be easily reached via the East Coast Road (ECR) which connects Chennai and Pondicherry. The visitor center and Matrimandir can be reached by traveling westwards from the signposted turnoff at the ECR Bommayapalayam. Turning east leads directly to Auroville's private beach called Repos, several hundred meters away. Pondicherry University is very near to auroville.
Climate It is included in the sub-humid tropics (wet-and-dry tropical climate) situated on a plateau region with its maximum elevation of above sea level located in the Matrimandir area. The annual rainfall average is mainly from the SW monsoon (June to Sept.) and NE monsoon (Nov to Dec) with a dry period of approx 6 months. The average maximum temperature is , average minimum .
Communications and media The Auroville website provides open as well as restricted forums for various projects, interests, organizations, and outreach which make up the life of the community.Auroville Journals & newsletters The opinions expressed in these publications are not necessarily those of the community at large. The Auroville radio website provides recordings and daily news covering local events. Auroville also has an internal MediaInterface, formerly OutreachMedia, team to regulate visits of journalists and film/video makers, which has served the community for many decades. Their aim is to ensure that all journalists and filmmakers get official, up-to-date information and representative footage from reliable sources.
BBC child abuse investigation