The Karkin people (also called Los Carquines in Spanish) are one of eight Ohlone peoples, Indigenous peoples of California.
History
The Karkin people have historically lived in the Carquinez Strait region in the northeast portion of the San Francisco Bay estuary.Milliken 1995:238 They spoke the Karkin language, the only documentation of which is a single vocabulary obtained by linguist-missionary Felipe Arroyo de la Cuesta at Mission Dolores in 1821Milliken 2008:6 from Karkin speaker Mariano Antonio Sagnegse.Milliken, Shoup, and Ortiz 2009:20 According to de la Cuesta, karkin means 'to trade.'Beeler 1961Milliken, Shoup, and Ortiz 2009:21 Although meager, the records of Karkin show that it constituted a distinct branch of Costanoan/Ohlone, strikingly different from the neighboring Chochenyo and other Ohlone languages spoken farther south and across the bay. It is believed that there were about 200 Karkin speakers before colonization.Levy 1978, cited in Survey of California and Other Indian Languages
Starting in 1787, some Karkin people began moving to Mission Dolores in present-day San Francisco.Milliken, Shoup, and Ortiz 2009:110 In 1804 and 1807, Karkins resisted attempts by Mission Indians to recapture fugitive Indians who had escaped the mission.Milliken 1995:180-182, 204-206, cited in Milliken, Shoup, and Ortiz 2009:110 The last Karkins moved to the mission between 1809 and 1810.Milliken 1995:209-211, cited in Milliken, Shoup, and Ortiz 2009:110 At the end of 1817, 49 Karkins were living at Mission Dolores.Milliken, Shoup, and Ortiz 2009:119 By the end of 1823, 35 Karkin people lived at Mission Dolores, Mission San Francisco Solano, and Mission San Jose, seven of whom had been born in the missions.Milliken, Shoup, and Ortiz 2009:122
In 1925, Alfred Kroeber, then director of the Hearst Museum of Anthropology, declared the Ohlone extinct, which directly led to its losing federal recognition and land rights.
The Confederated Villages of Lisjan is a tribe made up of Karkin and six other neighboring indigenous groups.
Corrina Gould is a Karkin and Chochenyo activist who co-founded Indian People Organizing for Change and the Sogorea Te’ Land Trust, and is the spokesperson for the Confederated Villages of Lisjan.
See also
Sogorea Te Land Trust
Notes
References Beeler, Madison S. 1961. "Northern Costanoan." International Journal of American Linguistics 27: 191–197. Callaghan, Catherine A. 1997. "Evidence for Yok-Utian." International Journal of American Linguistics 63:18–64. Golla, Victor. 2007. "Linguistic Prehistory." California Prehistory: Colonization, Culture, and Complexity. Terry L. Jones and Kathryn A. Klar, eds., pp. 71–82. New York: Altamira Press. . Levy 1978, cited in "Karkin". Survey of California and Other Indian Languages. University of California, Berkeley. Retrieved 16 August 2021. Milliken, Randall T. 1995. A Time of Little Choice: The Disintegration of Tribal Culture in the San Francisco Bay Region, 1769–1810. Menlo Park, CA: Ballena Press. Milliken, Randall T. 2008. Native Americans at Mission San Jose. Banning, CA: Malki-Ballena Press. . Milliken, Randall; Shoup, Laurence H.; Ortiz, Beverly R.; Archaeological and Historical Consultants Oakland, California (June 2009). Ohlone/Costanoan Indians of the San Francisco Peninsula and their Neighbors, Yesterday and Today (PDF) (Report). National Park Service Golden Gate National Recreation Area, San Francisco, California. Retrieved 16 August 2021.
External links Karkin language overview at the Survey of California and Other Indian Languages Costanoan/Ohlone Indian Language
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