Vainshtein (originally an Eastern European spelling variant of Weinstein) is a German and Yiddish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Gil Vainshtein (born 1984), Canadian soccer player Lev Vainshtein (1916–2004), Soviet sport shooter Samuil Vainshtein (1894–1942), Russian chess player Sevyan Vainshtein (1926–2008), Russian anthropologist and historian Arkady Vainshtein (born 1942), Russian-American theoretical physicist Leonid Vainshtein (1945–1994), Azerbaijani-Jew composer Boris Vainshtein (1921–1996), Russian crystallographer
See also Veinstein Weinstein