Jeanson is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Cécile Jeanson (born 1972), French swimmer Francis Jeanson (1922–2009), French philosopher Geneviève Jeanson (born 1981), Canadian cyclist Guillaume Jeanson (born 1721), Canadian settler Henri Jeanson (1900–1970), French writer and journalist
See also Jeanson network, French militant communist group