Pope Pius IX (r. 1846–1878) created 123 cardinals in 23 consistories.

21 December 1846

Pius created four cardinals at his first consistory, two of them in pectore. +NameTitle when named cardinalCountry (1788–1866)Archbishop-bishop of ImolaPietro Marini (1794–1863)Vice-Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church

Cardinals in pectore NameTitle when named cardinalCountryRevealed as CardinalRaffaele Fornari (1787–1854)Apostolic Nuncio to France30 September 1850Giuseppe Bofondi (1795–1867)Dean of the Sacred Roman Rota11 June 1847

11 June 1847

+NameTitle when named cardinalCountry (1791–1850)Archbishop of Cambrai France (1792–1859)Archbishop of Bourges FranceGiacomo Antonelli (1806–1876)Treasurer General of the Reverend Apostolic Camera

17 January 1848 +NameTitle when named cardinalCountry (1791–1851)Secretary of the Sacred Congregation for Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs

30 September 1850

+NameTitle when named cardinalCountryPaul-Thérèse-David d'Astros (1772–1851)Archbishop of Toulouse FranceJuan José Bonel y Orbe (1782–1857)Archbishop of Toledo Spain (1788–1863)Bishop of AndriaJacques-Marie-Adrien-Césaire Mathieu (1796–1875)Archbishop of Besançon FranceJudas José Romo y Gamboa (1779–1855)Archbishop of Sevilla SpainThomas-Marie-Joseph Gousset (1792–1866)Archbishop of Reims France (1769–1853)Archbishop of Olomouc AustriaJohannes von Geissel (1796–1864)Archbishop of ColognePedro Paulo de Figueiredo da Cunha e Melo (1770–1855)Archbishop of Braga PortugalNicholas Wiseman (1802–1865)Vicar Apostolic of London District United Kingdom (1776–1855)Bishop of GubbioMelchior von Diepenbrock (1798–1853)Bishop of Breslau (1788–1867)Auditor General of the Reverend Apostolic Camera

15 March 1852

+NameTitle when named cardinalCountry (1796–1864)Archbishop-bishop of SenigalliaFerdinand-François-Auguste Donnet (1795–1882)Archbishop of Bordeaux FranceGerolamo Marquese d'Andrea (1812–1868)Secretary of the Sacred Congregation of the CouncilCarlo Luigi Morichini (1805–1879)Treasurer General of the Reverend Apostolic Camera

Cardinals in pectore NameTitle when named cardinalCountryRevealed as CardinalMichele Viale-Prelà (1798–1860)Apostolic Nuncio to Austria France7 March 1853 (1795–1861)Apostolic Nuncio to Spain7 March 1853

7 March 1853

+NameTitle when named cardinalCountryJános Scitovszky (1785–1866)Archbishop of Esztergom AustriaFrançois-Nicholas-Madeleine Morlot (1795–1862)Archbishop of Tours France (1789–1861)Assistant to the papal throne (1792–1864)Vice-Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church FranceProspero Caterini (1795–1881)Assessor of the Sacred Congregation of the InquisitionVincenzo Santucci (1796–1861)Secretary of the Sacred Congregation for Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs

19 December 1853

+NameTitle when named cardinalCountryGioacchino Pecci (1810–1903)Archbishop-bishop of Perugia

Cardinal in pectore NameTitle when named cardinalCountryRevealed as CardinalCamillo di Pietro (1806–1884)Apostolic Nuncio to Portugal 16 June 1856

17 December 1855

+NameTitle when named cardinalCountryJoseph Othmar Rauscher (1797–1875)Archbishop of Vienna Austria Karl-August von Reisach (1800–1869)Archbishop of Munich Bavaria (1787–1867)Bishop of La Rochelle France (1809–1860)Consultor of the Sacred Congregation of Bishops and Regulars Sardinia

16 June 1856

+NameTitle when named cardinalCountryMykhajlo Levitsky (1774–1858)Archbishop of Kyiv–Galicia of the Ukrainians AustriaJuraj Haulik (1788–1869)Archbishop of Zagreb AustriaAlessandro Barnabò (1801–1874)Secretary of the Sacred Congregation of the Propagation of the FaithGaspare Grassellini (1796–1875)Pro-legate to Bologna (1808–1857)Prefect of the Prefecture of the Papal Household

15 March 1858

+NameTitle when named cardinalCountryCirilo de Alameda y Brea (1781–1872)Archbishop of Toledo Spain (1798–1879)Bishop of Ancona and Umana (1782–1862)Bishop of Sevilla Spain (1800–1870)Bishop of CesenaGiuseppe Milesi Pironi Ferretti (1817–1873)Minister of Commerce, Fine Arts and Public Works of the Papal States (1803–1875)Dean of the Sacred Roman RotaTeodolfo Mertel (1806–1899)Minister of the Interior and of Grace and Justice

25 June 1858 +NameTitle when named cardinalCountryManuel Bento Rodrigues da Silva (1800–1869)Patriarch of Lisbon Portugal

27 September 1861

+NameTitle when named cardinalCountryAlexis Billiet (1783–1873)Archbishop of Chambéry FranceCarlo Sacconi (1808–1889)Apostolic Nuncio to France ItalyMiguel García Cuesta (1803–1873)Archbishop of Santiago de Compostela SpainGaetano Bedini (1806–1864)Archbishop-bishop of Viterbo and TuscanellaFernando de la Puente y Primo de Rivera (1808–1867)Archbishop of Burgos Spain (1802–1872)Secretary of the Sacred Congregation of the CouncilAntonio Maria Panebianco (1808–1885)Consultor of the Sacred Congregation of the Inquisition, and Sacred Congregation for Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs Italy

16 March 1863

+NameTitle when named cardinalCountryGiuseppe Luigi Trevisanato (1801–1877)Patriarch of Venice AustriaAntonio Saverio De Luca (1805–1883)Apostolic Nuncio to Austria Italy (1802–1877)Secretary of the Sacred Congregation of Bishops and Regulars (1803–1876)Archbishop of Valladolid SpainJean Baptiste François Pitra (1812–1889)Prior Emeritus of Saint-Germain-des-Prés FranceFilippo Maria Guidi (1815–1879)Professor of Theology at University of Vienna Italy (1797–1869)Dean of the Reverend Apostolic Camera

11 December 1863 +NameTitle when named cardinalCountryHenri-Marie-Gaston Boisnormand de Bonnechose (1800–1883)Archbishop of Rouen France

22 June 1866

Pius announced the creation of five cardinals during a secret consistory on 22 June 1866, with three belonging to the rank of cardinal-priest (Cullen, Hohenlohe, and Bilio), and two to the rank of cardinal-deacon (Matteucci and Consolini). Cullen was the first Irish cardinal. The cardinals received their cardinalitial ring and title at a public consistory on June 25. +NameTitle when named cardinalCountryPaul Cullen (1803–1878)Archbishop of DublinGustav Adolf Hohenlohe (1823–1896)Almoner of His Holiness BavariaLuigi Bilio (1826–1884)Consultor for the Commission of Roman and Universal Inquisition, and Sacred Congregation of the Index Italy (1802–1866)Vice-Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church ItalyDomenico Consolini (1806–1884)Vice-President of the Secretariat of State Italy

13 March 1868

Pius announced the creation of nine cardinals during a secret consistory on the morning of 13 March 1868. He elevated Borromeo and Capalti to the rank of cardinal-deacon, with the remaining seven cardinals belonging to the rank of cardinal-priest.

Bonaparte, Gonella, Berardi, Monaco La Valletta, Borromeo, and Capalti received their cardinalitial hat, ring, and title at a public consistory on March 16. Ferrieri and Barili later received theirs at a secret consistory on September 24. +NameTitle when named cardinalCountryLucien Louis Joseph Napoleon Bonaparte (1828–1895)Protonotary apostolicInnocenzo Ferrieri (1810–1887)Apostolic Nuncio to Portugal Italy (1802–1866)Archbishop-bishop of Viterbo and Tuscanella (1801–1875)Apostolic Nuncio to Spain Italy (1810–1878)Substitute for General Affairs of the Apostolic Secretariat (1817–1884)Archbishop of Valladolid SpainRaffaele Monaco La Valletta (1827–1896)Assessor of the Commission of Roman and Universal Inquisition ItalyEdoardo Borromeo (1822–1881)Prefect of the Prefecture of the Holy Apostolic Palaces Italy (1811–1877)Secretary of the Sacred Congregation of the Propagation of the Faith

22 December 1873

Nascimento received his cardinal's hat, ring and titular church at a ceremony on 25 June 1877, whilst Guibert received his cardinal's hat as well. Regnier received his hat on 31 December 1877. +NameTitle when named cardinalCountryInácio do Nascimento de Morais Cardoso (1811–1883)Patriarch of Lisbon PortugalRené-François Régnier (1794–1881)Archbishop of Cambrai FranceMaximilian Joseph von Tarnóczy (1806–1876)Archbishop of SalzburgFlavio Chigi (1810–1885)Apostolic Nuncio to France ItalyAlessandro Franchi (1819–1878)Apostolic Nuncio Emeritus to Spain ItalyJoseph-Hippolyte Guibert (1802–1886)Archbishop of Paris France (1806–1874) Apostolic Nuncio to Austria-Hungary Italy (1805–1876)Archbishop of Valencia SpainLuigi Oreglia di Santo Stefano (1828–1913)Apostolic Nuncio to Portugal ItalyJános Simor (1813–1891)Archbishop of EsztergomCamillo Tarquini (1810–1874)Theologian of the Sacred Apostolic Penitentiary ItalyTommaso Martinelli (1827–1888)Consultor of the Sacred Congregation of the Index Italy

15 March 1875

Pius created eleven cardinals in his March 1875 consistory, reserving the names of five of them in pectore. Bartolini was given the rank of cardinal-deacon, while the remaining five cardinals announced at the time joined the rank of cardinal-priest.

McCloskey was the first American cardinal."Cardinals of the U.S.A.", The Catholic Transcript, Volume XXVIII, Number 26, 3 December 1925 He received the red biretta from Archbishop James Roosevelt Bayley in a ceremony at St. Patrick's Old Cathedral on 27 April 1875. Deschamps received his cardinalitial hat at a ceremony on 25 June 1877 while Manning received his on 31 December 1877.

At the time of his assignment, Ledóchowski had been in prison since 3 February 1874 for resisting the Kulturkampf. He was released and exiled from Poland on 3 February 1876, and subsequently received his ring and titular church from Pope Pius at a ceremony on 7 April 1876.

+NameTitle when named cardinalCountryPietro Gianelli (1807–1881)Secretary of the Sacred Congregation of the Council ItalyMieczysław Halka Ledóchowski (1822–1902)Archbishop of Gniezno and of Poznań GermanyJohn McCloskey (1810–1885)Archbishop of New YorkHenry Edward Manning (1808–1892)Archbishop of WestminsterVictor-Auguste-Isidor Deschamps (1810–1883)Archbishop of Mechelen (1813–1887)Secretary of the Sacred Congregation of Rites Italy

Cardinal in pectore NameTitle when named cardinalCountryRevealed as CardinalRuggero Luigi Emidio Antici Mattei (1811–1883)Auditor General of the Reverend Apostolic Camera Italy 17 September 1875 (1818–1875)Secretary of the Sacred Congregation of Bishops and Regulars Italy 17 September 1875Giovanni Simeoni (1816–1892)Apostolic Nuncio to Spain Italy 17 September 1875 (1818–1887)Vice-Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church of the Reverend Apostolic Camera Italy 17 September 1875 (1817–1880)Prefect of the Prefecture of the Holy Apostolic Palaces Italy 17 September 1875

17 September 1875 In this consistory, Pius created one cardinal, and revealed the names of the five cardinals that had been named in pectore on March 15. Among the in pectore cardinals who were published, Pacca and Randi were given the rank of cardinal-deacon, while the remaining three cardinals were elevated to the rank of cardinal-priest. Additionally, Brossais-Saint-Marc was also elevated to the rank of cardinal-priest.

Among the cardinals made in pectore, Vitelleschi, Randi, and Pacca received their rings and titles at a ceremony on 23 September, while Antici Mattei received his on 28 January 1876. Simeone was the last to receive his ring and titular church, doing so on 18 December 1876.

Cardinal Brossais-Saint-Marc received his titular church and cardinal ring at a ceremony on 3 April 1876 and his cardinalitial hat on 31 December 1877.

+NameTitle when named cardinalCountry (1803–1878)Archbishop of Rennes France

3 April 1876

Pius announced the creation of two cardinals on 3 April 1876, raising both to the rank of cardinal-priest. They received their rings and titular church in a ceremony held on April 7. +NameTitle when named cardinalCountryBartolomeo D’Avanzo (1811–1884)Bishop of Calvi ItalyJohannes Baptist Franzelin (1816–1886)Consultor for the Sacred Congregation for Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs, Sacred Congregation of the Propagation of the Faith, and Sacred Congregation of the Council

12 March 1877