This is a list of wars involving Syria since independence, including periods of the Arab Kingdom of Syria (1920), Mandatory Syrian Republic (1930–1946), Second Syrian Republic (1946–1958, 1961–1963), United Arab Republic (1958–1961), Ba'athist Syria (1963–2024), and Syria (2024–present).
Conflict Syriaand allies Opponents Outcome Head of State Franco-Syrian War (1920) Arab Kingdom of Syria Arab militias Lebanon West Africa French victory Establishment of French Syria King Faisal expelled to Iraq Dissolution of the Arab Kingdom of Syria Great Syrian Revolt (1925–1927) Syrian rebels Sunnis Druze Alawites France Syria French victory Revolt crushed Syria–Lebanon Campaign (1941) Vichy France Allied Victory Defeat of Vichy France in Syria Syria and Lebanon taken over by Free France Levant Crisis (1945) France Victory British-enforced ceasefire French withdrawal from the Levant Syria and Lebanon gain full independence First Arab–Israeli War (1948–1949) : Oren 2003, p. 5. All-Palestine Protectorate Holy War Army
Syria
Gelber, pp. 55, 200, 239 Morris, Benny (2008), 1948: The First Arab-Israeli War, Yale University Press, p. 205, New Haven, .Irregulars: Arab Liberation Army Al-Najjada Holy War Army Before 26 May 1948: Yishuv Paramilitary groups: Haganah Palmach Hish Him Irgun Lehi Allied Bedouin tribesPalestine Post, "Israel's Bedouin Warriors", Gene Dison, August 12, 1948After 26 May 1948: Israel Defense Forces Minorities Unit Foreign volunteers: Mahal Defeat Establishment of the State of Israel, Jordanian annexation of the West Bank, Egyptian occupation of the Gaza Strip 1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight Beginning of the Palestinian Fedayeen insurgency First Iraqi–Kurdish War (1963–1970) Before 1968: Iraq Syria (1963)Supported by: (from 1963)After 1968: Ba'athist Iraq KDPSupported by: Iran (alleged) Military stalemate Several Iraqi offensives intended to suppress the Kurdish rebellion fail Iraqi–Kurdish Autonomy Agreement Arabization program continued Second Iraqi–Kurdish War in 1974 Six-Day War (1967) Iraq Israeli victory Israel occupies a total of of territory: The Golan Heights from Syria The West Bank including East Jerusalem from Jordan The Gaza Strip and the Sinai Peninsula from Egypt Syrian invasion of Jordan (1970) PLO Jordanian victory October War (1973) DefeatReferences: Herzog, The War of Atonement, Little, Brown and Company, 1975. Forward Insight Team of the London Sunday Times, Yom Kippur War, Doubleday and Company, Inc, 1974, page 450 Luttwak and Horowitz, The Israeli Army. Cambridge, MA, Abt Books, 1983 Rabinovich, The Yom Kippur War, Schocken Books, 2004. Page 498 0-313-31302-4&lr=#v=onepage&q=&f=false Revisiting The Yom Kippur War, P.R. Kumaraswamy, pages 1–2 Johnson and Tierney, Failing To Win, Perception of Victory and Defeat in International Politics. Page 177 Charles Liebman, The Myth of Defeat: The Memory of the Yom Kippur war in Israeli Society Middle Eastern Studies, Vol 29, No. 3, July 1993. Published by Frank Cass, London. Page 411. At the final ceasefire: Egyptian forces held on the eastern bank of the canal. Israeli forces held on the western bank of the canal. Israeli forces held of the Syrian Bashan region of the Golan Heights. Lebanese Civil War (1975–1990) Syria (1976, 1983–1991) Amal Movement PNSFMarada Brigades (left LF in 1978; aligned with Syria) Army of Free Lebanon (until 1977) SLA (from 1976) (from 1978)
Tigers Militia (until 1980)
Lebanese National Movement (1975–1982) PLO (1975–1983) ASALA
(1985–1990)
(from 1980, mainly IRGC and Army paramilitary units)
Islamic Unification Movement (from 1982)
Lebanese Armed Forces
UNIFIL (from 1978)Multinational Force in Lebanon (1982–1984)
Arab Deterrent Force (1976–1982)Mays, Terry M. Historical Dictionary of Multinational Peacekeeping. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 1996, pp. 9–10 Victory Taif Agreement Christian-to-Muslim representation in Parliament of Lebanon adjusted from ratio of 55:45 to 50:50 Political powers of Muslim-reserved position of Prime Minister strengthened over Christian-reserved position of President Disarmament of all Lebanese and non-Lebanese militias, excluding Iran-backed HezbollahRanstorp, Magnus, Hizb'allah in Lebanon: The Politics of the Western Hostage Crisis, New York, St. Martins Press, 1997, p. 105 Continued hostilities between Lebanon and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), and PLO expulsion to Tunis, Tunisia in 1982. Expulsion of Palestinian militias from Lebanon after the Battle of Sidon in 1991 Collapse of the Israel-backed State of Free Lebanon in 1984 and of Israel's South Lebanon security belt administration in 2000 Continued fighting between Israel and Hezbollah in the Shebaa Farms conflict, eventually leading to the 2006 Lebanon War Dominance of Hezbollah armed strength across Lebanon since 1990 Syria occupies northern/eastern Lebanon until 30 April 2005 Israel occupies southern Lebanon until 25 May 2000 Islamist uprising in Syria (1979–1982) Supported by: Fighting Vanguard Muslim Brotherhood (after mid-1979) Pro-Iraqi Ba'athistsSupported by: Iraq (1980–1982) Syrian government victory Uprising suppressed Muslim Brotherhood outlawed Gulf War (1990–1991) Coalition victory State of Kuwait resumes self-governance over all Kuwaiti sovereign territory Establishment of a demilitarized zone and construction of a separation barrier along the Iraq–Kuwait border Syrian civil war (2011–2024) (2017–19) Hezbollah Syrian Opposition Ahrar al-ShamTahrir al-Sham Northern Syria CJTF–OIR Syrian opposition and allied victory The Assad regime is overthrown Internal conflict continues Aftermath of the Syrian civil war (2024–present) Northern Syria Assad loyalists and Neo-Ba'athist insurgents Hezbollah Druze militias Ongoing Israeli intervention against the Ba'athist remnants and the Syrian government Clashes between the Assad loyalists and Hezbollah against the Syrian government along with spillovers near the Lebanese border
See also Syrian Crisis of 1957 Military history of Syria
Notes
References
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