Vitzthum is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Franz Vitzthum, German countertenor Hildegard Temporini-Gräfin Vitzthum (1939–2004), a German historian Michael Vitzthum (born 1992), German footballer Simon Vitzthum (born 1995), Swiss cyclist Virginia Vitzthum, American anthropologist Karl M. Vitzthum (1880–1967), American architect