This List of Russian steam locomotive classes includes those built both before and during the Soviet era. They are to the gauge of unless otherwise stated. Some locomotives originally used in Poland during the period of the Russian Empire were built to and later converted to gauge. Class letters are shown in Cyrillic characters, followed by romanized characters in the next column. For more information, see Romanization of Russian. The main source for this list is Le Fleming and Price's Russian Steam Locomotives.
Locomotive built before 1925 Class(Cyrillic) Class(Romanized) Type Manufacturer Quantity Yearsbuilt Notes Image — Cherepanov steam locomotive Yefim and Miron Cherepanov 1833–1834 The first Russian-built steam locomotive. Track gauge was .. These are the figures quoted in the reference, although 1670 mm is actually 5 ft 5¾ in. Д D (ru) 1856–1906 Class for various four-coupled locomotives Т T (ru) 1857-1915 Class for various six-coupled locomotives Ъ " (ru) 1864–1914Class for various passenger tank locomotives Ф F (ru) Avonside, Sharp, Stewart and Company, Yorkshire Engine Company, Kolomna 45 1872–1883Fairlie locomotives Ч Ch (ru) Malsevsky, Kolomna, Bryansk, Nevsky, Putilov, Kharkiv, Henschel & Sohn 1878–1911Class for various eight-coupled locomotives О O Kolomna, Bryansk, Votkinsk, Nevski, Putilov, Sigl, StEG, Henschel, BMAG, Luhansk, Krasnoye Sormovo, Kharkiv 9129 1890–1928osnovnoy tip (basic type); Variants with different valve gear and wheel diameters П P (ru) SACM, Belfort, South Eastern Railways' Odessa Works, Putilov, Kolomna 169 1891–1905 Four-cylinder tandem compound Н N (ru) Alexandrov, Kolomna, Union, Bryansk, Luhansk, Krasnoye Sormovo, Nevski, Putilov, Votkinsk, Kharkiv 1082 1892–1914 Variants with different valve gear and wheel diameters А A (ru) Kolomna, Hanomag, Henschel, Krasnoye Sormovo, Lokomotivfabrik Luhansk, Kharkiv Locomotive Factory, Bryansk 533 1892–1907Variants with different valve gear ЕФ YeF (ru) Baldwin 2 1895Four-cylinder Vauclain compound Х Kh Baldwin 235 1895–1900Four-cylinder Vauclain compound В V (ru) Baldwin 88 1895–1899Four-cylinder Vauclain compound ЯYa (ru) Nevski, Putilov 150 1896–1903 Ц Ts (ru) Henschel, Hanomag, Bryansk, Fives-Lille, Société Franco-Belge, SACM-Mühlhausen, Kharkiv 214 1896–1904 Ж Zh (ru) Henschel, Kolomna, Nevski, Kharkiv 210 1896–1909 Р R (ru) Bryansk, Putilov, SACM-Mühlhausen, Krasnoye Sormovo, Kolomna 477 1899–1914Four-cylinder tandem compound Ѳ Fita (ru) Bryansk, Putilov, Kolomna 463 1899–1924Mallet locomotives Г G (ru) Bryansk, Kharkiv 124 1901–1903 Ш Sh (ru) Bryansk, Kharkiv 161 1901–1907 З Z (ru) Kolomna 24 1902–1906 І I (ru) Kolomna 112 1903–1905 Mallet locomotives У U Putilov 56 1906–1910 Щ Shch (ru) Kharkiv, Bryansk, Luhansk, Nevski, Putilov, Krasnoye Sormovo, Kolomna 2028 1906–1924Variants with different wheel diameter Б B (ru) Bryansk, Luhansk 252 1907–1914 К K (ru) Kolomna, Putilov, Moscow-Kasaner railway workshops 145 1907–1912 Ѵ Izhitsa Kolomna, Bryansk 56 1908–1918 И I (ru) Kolomna 19 1909–1910 С S (ru) Krasnoye Sormovo, Luhansk, Kharkiv, Nevski 678 1910–1919 Ы Y (ru) Kolomna, Votkinsk 372 1910–1920 КУ KU (ru) Kolomna 39 1911–1914K usilenny (larger K) УУ UU Putilow 6 1912U usilenny (larger U) Э E Luhansk, Krasnoye Sormovo, Kharkiv, Kolomna, Bryansk, Newski 1528 1912–1925 ѴСoriginally ЧВПс YSoriginally ChVPs Krasnoye Sormovo 27 1914–1915as Standard gauge for the Warsaw–Vienna line. СВ SV (ru) Kolomna 15 1914–1915Built to standard gauge for Warsaw-Vienna line in 1915. Later converted to 5 ft gauge for Moscow-Kursk line. Лfrom1947:ЛП Lfrom1947:LP Putilov 66 1914–1926 ЕС YeS ALCO 106 1915–1916 S for Schenectady ЕФ YeF Baldwin 242 1915F for Philadelphia; 250 shipped, 8 lost at sea ЕК YeK CLC 50 1915–1916K for Kingston ЕЛ YeL ALCO, Baldwin al least 554 1916–1919L for chief engineer A. I. Lipez ЭШ ESh NoHAB 500 1920–1924Two with Uniflow steam engine designated ЭМШ (EMSh) ЭГ EG AEG, Borsig, Hanomag, SMF, Henschel, Hohenzollern, Humboldt, Jung, Karlsruhe, Krauss, Krupp, LHW, O&K, Rheinmetall, BMAG, Vulcan, Wolf, Maffei, Esslingen 700 1921–19231 rebuilt to condensing locomotive in 1933 and designated ЭГК (EGK) ХМ KhM H.K. Porter1915-1916Designated as sub-class of Х but shares little similarities. Ф F État Belge type 36 Ь (ru) ' to 1957Class for various goods tank locomotives
Locomotives built after 1925 Class(Cyrillic) Class(Romanized) Type Manufacturer Quantity Yearsbuilt Notes ImageСУSUBryansk, Krasnoye Sormovo, Kolomna, Luhansk, Kharkiv 2270 1925–194136 with higher axleload designated СУТ (SUT);210 with draught fan designated СУМ (SUM)Krasnoye Sormovo 411 1947–19512 with mechanical stokers designated СУР (SUR) М M (ru) Luhansk, Putilov 100 1926–1930Rebuilt from 1932 as 2-cylinder designated МР (MR) ЭУ EU Kolomna, Luhansk, Krasnoye Sormovo, Bryansk, Kharkiv 2535 1926–1931 ТA TA (ru) ALCO 5 1931 Experimental locomotives ТБ TB (ru) Baldwin 5 1931Experimental locomotives ФД20 FD20 Voroshilovgrad 2927 1931–1940 FD after Felix Dzerzhinsky; 2 Condensing locomotives designated ФДК (FDK) ИС20 from 1962: ФДП20 IS20from 1962: FDP20 Kolomna, Voroshilovgrad 638 1932–1941IS after Joseph Stalin ЭМ EM Voroshilovgrad, Krasnoye Sormovo, Bryansk, Kharkiv 2325 1932–193518 converted to condensing locomotives and designated ЭМК (EMK) between 1937 and 1940 Я Ya Beyer, Peacock & Company 1 1932 Experimental Garratt locomotive – the biggest Garratt locomotive ever built. ЭРER0-10-0Murom workshops (1) (1933) Rebuilt from ЭМ (EM)Voroshilovgrad, Bryansk 305 1934–1936Kolomna 22 1943–1944Reșița, MÁVAG, Malaxa, ČKD, Cegielski, Škoda 2716 1946–1955 АА20 AA20 Voroshilovgrad 1 1934Experimental locomotive; AA after Andrey Andreyevich Andreyev СО SO (ru) Kharkiv, Bryansk, Ulan-Ude, Krasnoyarsk, Voroshilovgrad 2523 1934–1951SO after Grigory (Sergo) Ordzhonikidze; 2 condensing locomotives designated СОК (SOK) 9П 9P (ru) Kolomna, Novocherkassk, Murom workshops 2688 1935–1957 СО19also СОК SO19also SOK Kharkiv, Bryansk, Ulan-Ude, Voroshilovgrad 1436 1936–1942Condensing locomotives В5 V5 (ru) Kolomna 1 1937Experimental locomotive with high pressure boiler 2-3-2К 2-3-2K Kolomna 2 1937–1938Experimental locomotives 2-3-2В 2-3-2V Voroshilovgrad 1 1938Experimental locomotive СО18 also СОВ SO18also SOV Kharkiv, Bryansk, Voroshilovgrad 489 1939–1946 ФД21 FD21 Voroshilovgrad, Ulan-Ude 286 1940–1942as ФД20 (FD20), with 21 t axleload ЛК LK (ru) Voroshilovgrad 1 1941Experimental locomotive ИС21 from 1962:ФДП21 IS21from 1962:FDP21 Voroshilovgrad 11 1941–1942as ИС20 (IS20), but with 21 t axleload ФДР18 FDR18 Ulan-Ude (85) (1943–1944)Converted from ФД (FD); 18 t axleload; ША ShA ALCO, Baldwin 194 1943USATC S160 Class; 200 shipped, 6 lost at sea ЕА YeA ALCO, Baldwin 1622 1944–1946 ЕМ YeM Baldwin 425 1944–194713 with feedwater heater ЕМВ (EMV) Л originallyП LoriginallyP Kolomna, Voroshilovgrad, Bryansk 4199 1945–1955 23also УУ 23 (ru)also UU Ulan-Ude 1 1949Experimental locomotive ОР23 OR23 Voroshilovgrad 1 1949OR after October Revolution Locomotive Works;Experimental locomotive П34 P34 Kolomna 1 1949Experimental Mallet locomotive П36 P36 Kolomna 251 1950–1956 ЛВ originallyОР18 LV originallyOR18 Voroshilovgrad 522 1952–1956 ОР21 OR21 (ru) Voroshilovgrad 3 1953–1954Experimental locomotives П38 P38 Kolomna 4 1954–1955Experimental Mallet locomotive 9Пм 9PM (ru) Murom workshops 500 1955–1957
Captured locomotives Class(Cyrillic) Class(Romanized) Type Manufacturer Quantity Yearsbuilt Notes Image ТЭ TE 1'E h2Various ~2700 1942-1945Deutsche Reichsbahn Kriegsloks. Some standard gauge, used in the Baltic and border republics. 100 transferred to Hungarian State Railways in 1963.
Locomotive builders Reference Kolomna, Moscow, founded 1862 Nevsky, Saint Petersburg, first locomotive 1870 Briansk, Moscow, founded 1873 Kirov Plant (or Putilov), Saint Petersburg, first locomotive 1894 Kharkov Locomotive Factory, first locomotive 1897 Sormovo Factory, Nizhny Novgorod, first locomotive 1898
See also History of rail transport in Russia Rail transport in the Soviet Union Russian Railway Museum, in St.Petersburg
References