Maslennikov () (feminine: Maslennikova) is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Aleksei Maslennikov (1929–2016), Russian tenor Igor Maslennikov (1931–2022), Russian film director Igor Maslennikov (footballer, born 2001), Russian professional football player Ivan Maslennikov (1900–1954), General of the Army, Soviet military and NKVD commander during World War II Margarita Maslennikova (1928–2021), Soviet cross-country skier Marianna Maslennikova (born 1961), Russian track and field athlete Oleg Maslennikov (born 1971), retired Russian professional footballer Sergey Maslennikov (born 1982), Russian Nordic combined skier who has competed since 2002 Vera Nikolaevna Maslennikova (1926–2000), Russian mathematician

See also Masļenki border incident