Kalkoti, also known as Goedijaa, is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in the Kalkot Tehsil, in the Upper Dir district in Pakistan.
Phonology
The following tables outline the phonology of Kalkoti.
Vowels
FrontBackClose~~MidOpen~~~
Short vowels are slightly centralized; nasalization of vowels may be phonemic.
Consonants
Labial Dental Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal Nasal (?) (?) Plosive voiceless (?) aspirated (?) voiced Affricate voiceless aspirated (?) voiced Fricative voiceless () voiced Lateral Flap (?) Approximant
The phonemes /q, ʦ, x, z, ɣ, ɽ/ have likely been introduced by loanwords. The voiceless aspirate series is secure, and, unlike the neighboring Palula language, Kalkoti does not have a breathy voiced series. The phonemic status of /ʔ/ is unclear and is likely tied to tone in Kalkoti.
Tone
Kalkoti's system of tone likely was similar to Shina's two tone system; however, under pressure from its Kohistani neighbors it may now have a more complex tone inventory.
References
Bibliography