María Novaro (born María Luisa Novaro Peñaloza; September 11, 1951, in Mexico City) is a Mexican film director. She was among the first generation of female filmmakers to graduate from a film school in Mexico. She has made six feature films and fourteen short films. Within the Mexican film industry, she has been a cinematographer, sound mixer, director, screenwriter and editor. Today, Novaro is one of the best known Mexican filmmakers to come out of the New Mexican Cinema and her films express Millian's idea of cinema in feminine.
Education María Novaro studied sociology at the National Autonomous University of Mexico, UNAM."Directores del Cine Mexicano". Retrieved April 27, 2012. After gaining some interest in filmmaking she decided to study film at the Centro Universitario de Estudios Cinematográficos based in UNAM.Sutherland, Romy. "Senses of Cinema: Maria Novaro". Senses of Cinema. Retrieved May 1, 2010. In 1981, while at the Centro Universitario de Estudios Cinematográficos, she made her first short films Lavaderos, sobre las olas and De encaje y azúcar all on a super 8 camera."Movies And Television: María Novaro". The New York Times. Retrieved April 26, 2012. Later became a member of the Cine Mujer collective, which was a women's film collective interested in women's stories and creating opportunities for women in the Mexican film industry, and who joins her countryman and fellow director Jaime Humberto Hermosillo in her desire to make films that contemplate the macho-dominated culture of Mexico— she from the feminine perspective (not feminist, she insists), he from the homosexual one.Cardullo, Bert. 2012. World Directors and Their Films : Essays on African, Asian, Latin American, and Middle Eastern Cinema. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press. Accessed November 15, 2018. ProQuest Ebook Central. It is this collective in which Novaro directed Es la Primera Vez in 1981.
Career Maria Novaro started her career in the Mexican film industry as a cinematographer and sound mixer. It was only after she worked as an assistant director for the Alberto Cortés film Amor a la Vuelta de la Esquina (1985) that she decided to make her short film Una Isla Rodeada de Agua (1985). This short was a feminist adaptation of the famous Mexican novel Pedro Páramo by Juan Rulfo.Sutherland, Romy. "Senses of Cinema: María Novaro". Senses of Cinema. Retrieved May 1, 2010. In this short film, a young girl goes on a journey to the Guerrero coast in search for a mother that abandoned her. The theme of a female protagonist on a journey through contemporary Mexico in search of something or someone is established in this short film and is carried out throughout her films.
Her next short Azul Celeste (1987) told the story of a pregnant woman looking for her baby's father in Mexico City. This story carried over into her first feature film Lola (1989).
Feature films
Lola Novaro co-wrote Lola with her sister Beatriz.Sutherland, Romy. "Senses of Cinema: Maria Novaro". Senses of Cinema. Retrieved May 1, 2010 Lola, named after the protagonist, tells the story of a woman that has been abandoned by her daughter's father. She is confronted with isolation and hopelessness in vast Mexico City as she tries to relocate her daughter's father. Many feminist criticizes the passive Lola character and the way in which she cannot overcome her abandonment.Arredondo, Isabel (Spring–Summer 2002). "María Novaro on the Making of Lola and Danzon". Women's Studies Quarterly. 30 (1/2): 196–213. However, Novaro has said that she refuses to be limited by taking a political stance and does not consider her work to be feminist.Martinez-Zalce, Graciela (2010). "The Country Within: Maria Novaro's Border Films". Journal of Borderlands Studies. 25 (3/4): 104–119. In an interview with Isabel Arredondo, Novaro has said that with Lola, she was not only interested in the story of Lola and her child but the film was a way to “reflect profoundly on women, motherhood and Mexico City”.Arredondo, Isabel (Spring–Summer 2002). "Maria Novaro on the Making of Lola and Danzon". Women's Studies Quarterly. 30 (1/2): 196–213. Therefore, Lola being controlled by her emotions makes her an accurate depiction of a woman going through abandonment.
Danzon As she was finishing the editing of Lola she decided to write a much lighter story and in collaboration with her sister wrote Danzón (1991) which was the second feature to be directed by María Novaro. The danzón of Novaro's title, loosely translated as “refined ballroom dance,” is simple in nature: Each partner concentrates on completing a perfect square of steps, making eye contact only fleetingly in what amounts to a pantomime of courtship, of male pursuit and female coquetry. The danzón is danced to sentimental ballads in the salones de baile (dance halls) of Mexico, where a largely working-class clientele gathers to display dance steps that have remained unchanged for generations, amid shimmering light and flashy decor that evoke the era of the 1940s and 1950s. In Danzón she portrays the traditional Mexican dancehall culture, which has strict gender codes and procedures and contrasts it to the port-town of Veracruz. The film follows Julia Solorzono (María Rojo), a single mother whose only escape is in the popular dance halls of Mexico City. When her usual partner Carmelo (Daniel Regis) does not show up for their dance meetings she decides to leave her kids behind and go look for him in Veracruz where he is from. It is a journey of self-discovery for Julia as she abandons the search for Carmelo and enjoys the Veracruz life before going back to life in Mexico City. Danzón was the film that established her career and gained her international attention.Sutherland, Romy. "Senses of Cinema: María Novaro". Senses of Cinema. Retrieved May 1, 2010
Novaro decided to play with the traditional melodrama genre, which is very popular amongst Mexican women, by adding humor to the movie. She also treats the subjects of women and homosexuality, but with something that is beyond the ken of the Spaniard Almodóvar: psychological penetration and genuine feeling. Danzón, as you can guess from its title, is a dance film. Leaving aside such musicals as Grease (1978) and Hair (1979), together with such ballet films as The Turning Point (1977) and Blood Wedding (1981), there have been two types of dance movies over the fifteen years or so preceding the making of Danzón : the fast dance film, which emphasizes the liberating spontaneity and physicality, if not sexuality, of the dance floor (e.g., Saturday Night Fever , Flashdance , and Dirty Dancing ), and its opposite number, the ballroom dance picture, which highlights the restraint, elegance, and stylization— the structure — to be found in ballroom dancing, a tradition untarnished by displays of cheap emotion and obvious sensuality. The one dance relieves the protagonist of his inhibitions and thus frees him from the numbing routine of daily (working) life, the other restores those inhibitions at the same time that it replaces the routine of everyday life with another, far more pleasurable, even less deviating one.
Her next two features, El jardín del Edén (1994) and Sin Dejar Huella (2000) focus on the idea of Borderlands while still sticking to her theme of females on a journey through Mexico. It is through her narrative that she explores new ways of seeing Mexico that depart from stereotypical representations of the borderlands and its inhabitants.Martínez-Zalce, Graciela (2010). "The Country Within: Maria Novaro's Border Films". Journal of Borderlands Studies. 25 (3/4): 104–119.
El Jardín de Eden The Garden of Eden (1994) was filmed in Tijuana and its surroundings on both sides of the border between Mexico and the United States. It was a co-production with France and Canada. Premiered at the Venice Festival of 1994, it had a wide European distribution. It received a Coral Prize in Havana, the Glauber Rocha Award from the Latin American specialized critics, and the best actor award at the Festival de Cartagena (to Bruno Bichir). This film was not shown on Mexican screens as a result of the recent North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), in which cinema was not protected as a cultural exception.José Vanaclocha, "EL JARDÍN DEL EDÉN, DE MARÍA NOVARO," Vanavision, July 11, 2017, accessed November 15, 2018, https://vanavision.com/1995/06/3-el-jardin-del-eden-de-maria-novaro/.
Sin Dejar Huella Without Leaving a Trace (2000) is a road movie that was filmed in a long journey from Ciudad Juárez to the Mexican Caribbean coast in Quintana Roo. Starring Tiaré Scanda and Aitana Sánchez-Gijón, it was a co-production with Spain and had its world premiere in San Sebastián. Awarded as the best Latin American film at the 2001 Sundance Festival, she also won the Audience Award at the Los Angeles Latino Festival, the Audience Award at the Guadalajara Festival and the Critics' Award. He won two Ariel awards: for best photography and best special effects."María Novaro," Wikipedia, January 15, 2018, accessed November 15, 2018, :es:María Novaro.
Las Buenas Hierbas The Good Herbs (2010), starring Úrsula Pruneda, Ofelia Medina, and Ana Ofelia Murguía, premiered at the Rome Festival, where she won the Best Female Performance Award (shared with her three protagonists). On this occasion, she e fully explored the world of mother-daughter relationships, Alzheimer's and ethnobotany.Periódico La Jornada, "Las Buenas Hierbas, Película Dolorosa Para Apreciar La Vida," La Jornada Del Campo, August 17, 2010, accessed November 15, 2018, http://www.jornada.com.mx/2010/08/17/espectaculos/a08n1esp.
Winning eight Maguey awards at the Guadalajara Festival, including the audience award for the best film, best screenplay, best female performance (Ursula Pruneda) and best photography, among others. She received two awards at the Amazonas Film Festival (best screenplay and best female performance) and also received two Ariel awards, one for better female co-act (Ofelia Medina) and another for visual effects (Alejandro Valle). In the Festival of Sto. Domingo received the best music award (La Lengua) and won the Grand Coral Third Prize at the Havana Film Festival that same year. Distributed mainly in Asian countries, it was commercialized for more than a year in several cities in Japan.
Tesoros Tesoros was directed, written, produced and edited by Maria Novaro, released in 2017 marks a departure for the much Mexican film. Its story has Dylan who already plays a pirates video game on his iPad, dreaming of Francis Drake appearing to him on a dark and stormy night and telling him he's saved up a treasure for the young boy. Dylan and his new primary school friends embark on a leisurely hunt to find the treasure trove, which takes them to limestone islands just off the coast. The film starts off with a view of the subtropical forest and a deep marine blue tropical sky, captured from a van, painted light blue, taking six-year-old Dylan and his family to live in Barra del Potosi, a stunningly quaint beachside chalet community behind a sandbar on Mexico's Pacific Coast. Tesoros is thoroughly lit by bright warm colors and an eye for a palette of blues and yellows and standout reds that transfer the soft tones of the seascapes to open door houses, even a school, whose walls and shelves are spangled with lively toys and students’ paintings. When Novaro was questioned about her unusual choice of style for her new film she answered, “I was interested in making something different from what we normally get with children’s films. I wanted to make it very real. Although there is the fantasy in the children’s lives, I wanted to find a way for that fantasy to be completely linked to the real world, a world as experienced by children in my country. So I wrote the story to happen in this place, a paradise, though part of one of the most violent states in all Mexico, the state of Guerrero.”
Short films