List of early and legendary monarchs of Burma

This is a list of early and legendary monarchs of Burma (Myanmar). It covers the monarchs of the early polities in Upper Burma, Lower Burma and Arakan, according to the various royal chronicles. The list consists of two types. Some of the dynasties were likely derived from "Indian legends taken from Sanskrit or Pali originals" in order to link the Burmese monarchy to the Buddha.Hall 1960: 7Lieberman 2003: 196 Many others were actual historical figures cloaked in pre-Buddhist legends, and probably existed in a different time period than that described in the chronicles. Moreover, many of these historical-based legendary figures were likely contemporaries of rival small settlements, rather than in the continuous lineage presented by the chronicles.

Unless otherwise noted, the regnal dates in this article are abbreviated to the first Western calendar year only although the Burmese calendar straddles the Western calendar. For example, the start of King Pyinbya's reign, 208 ME (25 March 846 to 24 March 847 CE), is shown here only as 846 (instead of 846/47).

Upper Burma First Tagaung dynasty The first Tagaung dynasty was part of the Abhiyaza origin myth that made a "sudden appearance" in central Burma in 1781—in the treatise Mani Yadanabon.Charney 2002: 9 The myth was not part of any of the prior central Burmese chronicles and treaties, as well as those immediately after, including the 1798 Yazawin Thit chronicle.Charney 2002: 9, 34 But the myth gained ascendancy with the Konbaung kings, and was finally included in the Hmannan Yazawin chronicle in 1832, officially linking the Konbaung and central Burmese kings to the Buddha.Than Tun 1964: ix–x The proclamation was part of the regional traditions to link their leaders to the clan of the Buddha. The earliest evidence of such linkage was in Arakan in the 1450s. The Arakanese tradition had grown more elaborate by the early 17th century, and finally reached central Burma in the 18th century.Charney 2002: 4–5 It was embraced by the Konbaung kings who starting in the 1770s began an effort to delink the then prevailing pre-Buddhist origin myth of linking the monarchy to a solar spirit with a more universal (Buddhist) myth.

Monarch Reign Relationship Notes Abhiyaza 850–825 BCE Kanyaza Nge 825–? Son Zambudipa Yaza Son Thingatha Yaza Son Weippanna Yaza Son Dewata Yaza Son Munika Yaza Son Naga Yaza Paternal uncle Einda Yaza Brother Thamuti Yaza Son Dewa Yaza Son Maheindra Yaza Son Wimala Yaza Son Thihanu Yaza Son Mingana Yaza Son Kantha Yaza Son Kaleinga Yaza Son Thindwe Yaza Son Thihala Yaza Son Thamuti Yaza Son Hantha Yaza Brother Wara Yaza Son Alaung Yaza Son Kawlaka Yaza Son Thuriya Yaza Son Thingyi Yaza Son Taingchit Yaza Son Madu Yaza Son Minhlagyi Yaza Son Thanthu Thiha Yaza Son Daninga Yaza Son Heinda Yaza Son Mawriya Yaza Son Beinnaka Yaza Son

Second Tagaung dynasty This is the list of kings of the second Tagaung dynasty per in the Hmannan Yazawin chronicle, which provides no reign dates except for the date when the Sri Ksetra Kingdom was founded by two princes from Tagaung.Hmannan Vol. 1 1829: 159–160 According to Michael Charney, the second Tagaung dynasty is simply a version of the same Abhiyaza myth—Daza Yaza/Dhajaraja is another title of Abhiyaza/Abhiraja—which the chroniclers of the Hmannan must have realized but nonetheless sequenced it as a successor dynasty to circumvent "any superior claim of legitimacy on the part of the royal line of western Burma" [Arakan].Charney 2002: 26–27

Monarch Reign Relationship Notes Daza Yaza c. 600 BCE–? Thado Taing-Ya Thado Yahta-Ya Thado Tagun-Ya Thado Hlanbyan-Ya Thado Shwe Thado Galon-Ya Thado Naga-Ya Thado Naga-Naing Thado Yahawlaw Thado Paungshe Thado Kyaukshe Thado Hsinlauk Thado Hsinhtein Thado Taingchit Thado Mingyi Thado Maha Yaza His sons founded Sri Ksetra Kingdom in 483 BCE.

Sri Ksetra Kingdom BCE 483-84

Monarch Reign Relationship Notes Maha Thanbawa 483–477 BCE Son of Thado Maha Yaza of Tagaung Sula Thanbanwa 477–442 Brother Duttabaung 442–372 Son of Maha Thanbawa Historical figure believed to have ascended the throne in 739 CE Duttayan 372–350 Son Yan Baung 350–300 Son Yan Man 300–250 Son Yetkhan 250–219 Son Khanlaung 219–181 Son Letkhaing 181–147 Son Thirikhan 147–119 Son Thiriyit 119–110 Son Last of Duttabaung's line Taba 110–59 Adopted son Papiyan 59 BCE–7 CE Son Yan Mukha 7–22 Son Yan Theinkha 22–25 Son Yan Monsaleinda 25–40 Son Bereinda 40–52 Brother Monsala 52–57 Son Ponna 57–60 Son Thakha 60–63 Brother Thathi 63–66 Son Kan Nu 66–67 Younger brother Kan Tet 67–70 Elder brother Beizza 70–74 Elder brother Thumondari 74–81 Not stated Atitya 81–84 Son Thupyinnya 84–94 Brother End of the Sri Ksetra dynasty

Early Pagan

Formative Early Pagan The following is the list of Pagan kings as given in the main royal chronicles.Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 343–347

Name Reign per Zatadawbon Yazawin Reign per Maha Yazawin, Yazawin Thit, and Hmannan Yazawin Relationship with the predecessor Thamoddarit 80–125 107–152 Nephew of Thupyinnya of Sri Ksetra Yathekyaung 125–140 152–167 Caretaker Pyusawhti 140–222 167–242 Son-in-law of Thamoddarit Hti Min Yin 222–249 242–299 Son Yin Min Paik 249–334 299–324 Son Paik Thinli 334–371 324–344 Son Thinli Kyaung I 371–415 344–387 Son Kyaung Tu Yit 415–440 387–412 Son Thihtan 440–477 412–439 Son Thuye 477–492 439–494 Usurper Tharamun Pya 492–514 494–516 Grandson of Thihtan Thaik Taing 514–521 516–523 Son Thinli Kyaung II 521–530 523–532 Son Thinli Paik 530–535 532–547 Brother Khan Laung 535–545 547–557 Brother Khan Lat 545–557 557–569 Brother Htun Taik 557–570 569–582 Son Htun Pyit 570–586 582–598 Son Htun Kyit 586–613 598–613 Son

Middle Early Pagan (AD 613-846) All four main chronicles are in agreement with the regnal dates in this period.

Name Reign per Zatadawbon Yazawin, Maha Yazawin, Yazawin Thit, and Hmannan Yazawin Relationship with the predecessor Popa Sawrahan 613–640 Usurper Shwe Ohnthi 640–652 Son-in-law Peit Thon 652–660 Brother Peit Taung 660–710 Son Nga Khwe 710–716 Brother Min Kywe 716–726 Usurper Theinga 726–734 Elected by court; of royal blood Thein Khun 734–744 Son Shwe Laung 744–753 Son Htun Htwin 753–762 Son Shwe Hmauk 762–785 Son Htun Lut 785–802 Brother Saw Khin Hnit 802–829 Son Khelu 829–846 Son

Late Early Pagan (846-1044) The chronicles again do not agree with the dates for this period. The dates in later chronicles Yazawin Thit and Hmannan Yazawin now depart from Maha Yazawin dates from 846 CE forward.

Name Reign per Zatadawbon Yazawin Reign per Maha Yazawin Reign per Yazawin Thit and Hmannan Yazawin Relationship with predecessor(s) Pyinbya 846–886 846–858 846–878 Brother Tannet 886–904 858–876 878–906 Son Sale Ngahkwe 904–934 876–901 906–915 Usurper Theinhko 934–956 901–917 915–931 Son Nyaung-u Sawrahan 956–1001 917–950 931–964 Usurper Kunhsaw Kyaunghpyu 1001–1021 950–971 964–986 Son of Tannet Kyiso 1021–1038 971–977 986–992 Son of Nyaung-u Sawrahan Sokkate 1038–1044 977–1002 992–1017 Brother

Lower Burma

Thaton Kingdom

Monarch Reign Relationship Notes Thiha Yaza ?–543 BCE Died in the year the Buddha died; came from India Dhamma Thawka I Titha Tissa Dhamma Pala Dhamma Daza Einkura Upadewa Yaza Thiwa Yaza Zawta Kumma Dhamma Thawka II Uttara Katha Wunna Maha Thala Araka Narathu I Maha Beinda Adara Angula Urunnata Thuganda I Thuganda II Bramah Datta Manya Yaza Adika Maradi Yaza Thaduka Dipa Yaza I Athinkha Yaza Bomma Yaza Manda Yaza Mahintha Yaza Dhamma Sekka Yaza Thusanbadi Baddara Yaza Narathu II Zambudipa Yaza Ketharit Yaza Wizaya Kumma Mani Yaza Tekka Min Athinkha Yaza Kutha Yaza Dipa Yaza II Nara Yaza Yaza Thura Seitta Yaza Diga Yaza Ottama Yaza Thiri Yaza Dhamma Yaza Maha Seitta Yaza Ganda Yaza Zeya Yaza Thumana Yaza Maddaka Yaza Aminna Yaza Udinna Yaza Manuha ?–1057 CE

Early Hanthawaddy The list here is per Harvey who reported it from the Shwemawdaw Thamaing (lit. "History of Shwemawdaw Pagoda"); the dates are unattested.Harvey 1925: 368 Other Mon Chronicles give a similar list of rulers from 573 to 781 with no records thereafter, leaving a gap of 276 years to Pagan's conquest of Pegu in 1057.Phayre 1883: 289 Harvey's list better synchronizes with historically confirmed Pagan dates. But according to Michael Aung-Thwin, pre-Pagan Mon kingdoms of Lower Burma are later 15th century legends, unattested by evidence. Pegu as a place name only first appeared in a 1266 Old Burmese inscription.Aung-Thwin 2005: 29

Monarch Reign Relationship Notes Thamala 825–837 Founds Pegu (Bago) in 825 Wimala 837-854 Brother Atha 854–861 Nephew Areindama 861–885 Son A monk 885–902 Geinda 902–917 Migadeippa I 917–932 Geissadiya 932–942 Karawika 942–954 Pyinzala 954–967 Son Attatha 967–982 Brother Anuyama 982–994 Nephew Migadeippa II 994–1004 Ekkathamanda 1004–1016 Uppala 1016–1028 Pontarika 1028–1043 Founds Dagon Tissa 1043–1057

Rulers of Arakan

First Danyawaddy (2666–825 BCE)

Monarch Reign Relationship Notes Marayu 2666–2604 Reign for 62 years Mara Zi I 2604–2572 son Reign for 32 years Mara Onlin 2572–2519 son Reign for 53 years Mara Rwaylin 2519–2471 son Reign for 48 years Mara Bin 2471–2416 son Reign for 55 years Mara Zi II 2416–2383 son Reign for 33 years Mara Kin 2383–2351 son Reign for 32 years Nga Sha Po 2351–2330 usurper Dwara Sanda 2330–2290 son of Mara Kin Thola Sanda 2290–2257 son Sanda Thuriya Sanda 2257–2220 son Kala Sanda 2220–2180 son Ti Sanda 2180–2149 son Madhutha Sanda 2149–2129 son Zeya Sanda 2129–2089 nephew Mokkha Sanda 2089–2063 son Gunna Sanda 2063–2051 son Three Nobles 2051–2050 usurpers; reigned 7 days, 3 months, and 8 months successively Kan Raza I 2050–2009 grandson of Gunna Sanda Kan Raza II 2009–1973 brother Athurinda Thuriya 1973–1938 uncle Tharameta 1938–1880 son Thuriya 1880–1849 son Min Thi 1849–1827 brother Min Ba 1827–1805 son Si Aung 1805–1777 son Tataingthin 1777–1746 brother Kyaw-Khaung Win 1746–1715 son Thuriya Nandameit 1715–1694 son Athu Yindabaya 1694–1663 son Letya Sithugyi 1663–1631 son Thihaka 1631–1588 son Min Bun Than 1588–1557 son Thayet Hmwe 1557–1508 son Zeya Nandathu 1508–1457 son Tekkathu 1457–1411 son Lekkhana 1411–1374 son Gunnarit 1374–1326 son Thiwarit 1326–1285 son Min Hla Hmwe 1285–1254 son Marinda 1254–1192 son Theiddat Kumara 1192–1170 son Min Hla I 1170–1123 son Min Hla II 1123–1099 brother Nga Sarit 1099–1061 son Myet-hna Wun 1061–1030 son Let Thut Kyi 1030–1003 son Thiri Kamma Thunda 1003–972 brother Nanda Kotabaya 972–945 son Min Nan Phyu 945–925 son Min Manu 925–897 son Minkhaung 897–878 son Laukkhaung Raza 878–838 son Min Nge Pyaw-Hla-Si 838–832 son Three nobles 832–825 usurpers

Second Danyawaddy (825 BCE–146 CE)

Monarch Reign Relationship Notes Kan Raza III 825–788 Thila Raza 788–740 son Wasa Thura 740–709 son Nandawi Thura 709–669 son Puna Thuriya 669–637 son Thuranda 637–614 son Sandima 614–577 son Thiri Sanda 577–537 son Thiha Ran 537–491 brother Thiha Nu 491–471 son Payaka 471–440 son Nela Gun 440–399 son Rohaha Gun 399–368 son Thiri Gun 368–344 son Thamaza 344–309 nephew Kummara 309–289 son Thet Htin Phyu 289–249 son Tha Bin U 249–207 son Teza Wun 207–171 brother Munzayaba 171–137 son Kummara Withuddi 137–50 uncle Wathu Mun Dala 50–16 son Thurinda 16 BCE–15 CE son Ralamayu 15–37 brother Nalamayu 37–68 son Wada Gun 68–90 son Withu Raza 90–111 son Thiri Raza 111–146 son

Third Danyawaddy (146–788 CE)