Free trade agreements of Canada

The free trade agreements of Canada represents Canada's cooperation in multinational trade pacts and plays a large role in the Canadian economy. Canada is regularly described as a trading nation, considering its total trade is worth more than two-thirds of its GDP (the second highest level in the G7, after Germany). Of that total trade, roughly 75% is done with countries that are part of free trade agreements with Canada—primarily the United States through the Canada–United States–Mexico Agreement (CUSMA), and its predecessor the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). By the end of 2014, Canada's bilateral trade hit Can$1 trillion for the first time. Canada is a signatory to 15 free trade agreements with 51 countries.

Overview

Canada is a founding member of the World Trade Organization (WTO) since 1 January 1995, having been an original GATT member since 1 January 1948.

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), which is held with Canada by the United States and Mexico, came into force on 1 January 1994, creating the largest free trade region in the world by GDP. By 2014, the combined GDP for the NAFTA area was estimated to be over Can$20 trillion with a market encompassing 474 million people.

Building on that success, Canada continues to negotiate and has concluded free trade agreements with 51 countries, most recently with South Korea, which represents Canada's first FTA with a partner in the Asia-Pacific region. As of 2018, Canada has also concluded two other significant multilateral trade agreements: the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) with the European Union and the 11-nation Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) with 10 other Pacific-Rim countries. On 21 September 2017, CETA was provisionally applied, immediately eliminating 98% of EU's tariff lines on Canadian goods. Canada is currently the only G7 country to have free trade agreements in force with all other G7 countries. Free trade with the final G7 country, Japan, commenced when the CPTPP entered into force on 30 December 2018.

Free trade agreements In force or provisionally in force

+Current FTAs between Canada and other countries/trading blocs Agreement name Abbreviation Countries/blocs involved Signed Entered into force Canada–United States Free Trade Agreement CUSFTA 12 October 1987 1 January 1989 North American Free Trade Agreement NAFTA 17 December 1992 1 January 1994 Canada–Israel Free Trade Agreement CIFTA 31 July 1996 1 July 1997 Canada–Chile Free Trade Agreement CCFTA 5 December 1996 5 July 1997 Canada–Costa Rica Free Trade Agreement CCRFTA 23 April 2001 1 November 2002Canada–European Free Trade Association Free Trade Agreement CEFTA 26 January 2008 1 July 2009Canada–Peru Free Trade Agreement CPFTA 29 May 2008 1 August 2009Canada–Colombia Free Trade Agreement CCoFTA 21 November 2008 15 August 2011Canada–Jordan Free Trade Agreement CJFTA 28 June 2009 1 October 2012Canada–Panama Free Trade Agreement CPAFTA 14 May 2010 1 April 2013Canada–Honduras Free Trade Agreement CHFTA 5 November 2013 1 October 2014Canada–Korea Free Trade Agreement CKFTA 11 March 2014 1 January 2015Canada–Ukraine Free Trade Agreement CUFTA 11 July 2016 1 August 2017Canadian Free Trade Agreement (interprovincial trade agreement) CFTA 1 July 2017 1 July 2017Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement CETA 30 October 2016 21 September 2017Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership CPTPP,TPP-11 8 March 2018 30 December 2018Canada–United States–Mexico Agreement CUSMA 30 November 2018 1 July 2020Canada–UK Trade Continuity Agreement Canada–UK TCA 9 December 2020 1 April 2021

Concluded agreements not yet in force Canada-Indonesia Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA; signed 24 September 2025) Canada-Ecuador Free Trade Agreement (signed 24 July 2026) Canada-United Arab Emirates Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (negotiations concluded 24 July 2026)

Under active negotiation Canada is negotiating bilateral FTAs with the following countries and trade blocs: (ASEAN)

Pacific Alliance

Negotiations ended with no plan to restart (Canada–United Kingdom Free Trade Agreement) Negotiations suspended by the UK on 25 January 2024.

, abandoned following the commencement of exploratory discussions for a free trade agreement with ASEAN as a whole , , and (CARIBCAN)

Exploratory discussions Canada was undertaking exploratory discussions of bilateral or multilateral FTAs with the following countries and trade blocs, although formal negotiations never began: , abandoned following the detention of Michael Spavor and Michael Kovrig and the extradition case of Meng Wanzhou , abandoned following the commencement of exploratory discussions for a free trade agreement with ASEAN as a whole

Abandoned free trade agreement proposals

Agreement name Abbreviation Countries involved NotesFree Trade Area of the Americas FTAA Proposed expansion of the North American Free Trade Agreement to all members of the Organization of American States, negotiated from 1994 to 2005. During the 4th Summit of the Americas in 2005, 26 of the countries pledged to meet again in 2006 to resume negotiations but no such meeting took place.Canada–Central American Four Free Trade Agreement CCA4FTA Twelve rounds of negotiations from 2001 to 2010. When no agreement was reached during the 2010 round, Canada and Honduras decided to pursue bilateral negotiations and concluded a separate bilateral FTA.Trans-Pacific Partnership TPP Agreement was signed 4 February 2016. Following the withdrawal of the United States' signature on 23 January 2017 the agreement is defunct, and the remaining members instead concluded the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership.

Foreign Investment Promotion and Protection Agreements

A Foreign Investment Promotion and Protection Agreement (FIPA) is an agreement to promote foreign investing.

FIPAs in force

FIPAs in force, including date of entry into force:

Canada–Argentina (29 April 1993) Canada–Armenia (29 March 1999) Canada–Barbados (17 January 1997) Canada–Benin (18 January 2013) Canada–Burkina Faso (11 October 2017) Canada–Cameroon (16 December 2016) Canada–China (1 October 2014) Canada–Costa Rica (29 September 1999) Canada–Côte d'Ivoire (14 December 2015) Canada–Croatia (30 January 2001) Canada–Czech Republic (22 January 2012) Canada–Ecuador (6 June 1997) Canada–Egypt (3 November 1997) Canada–Guinea (27 March 2017) Canada–Hong Kong (6 September 2016) Canada–Hungary (21 November 1993) Canada–Jordan (14 December 2009) Canada–Kosovo (19 December 2018) Canada–Kuwait (19 February 2014) Canada–Latvia (24 November 2011) Canada–Lebanon (19 June 1999) Canada–Mali (8 June 2016) Canada–Moldova (23 August 2019) Canada–Mongolia (24 February 2017) Canada–Panama (13 February 1998) Canada–Peru (20 June 2007) Canada–Philippines (13 November 1996) Canada–Poland (22 November 1990) Canada–Romania (23 November 2011) Canada–Russian Federation (27 June 1991) Canada–Senegal (5 August 2016) Canada–Serbia (27 April 2015) Canada–Slovak Republic (14 March 2012) Canada–Tanzania (9 December 2013) Canada–Thailand (24 September 2008) Canada–Trinidad & Tobago (8 June 1996) Canada–Ukraine (24 June 1995) Canada-United Arab Emirates (19 May 2026) Canada–Uruguay (2 June 1999) Canada–Venezuela (28 January 1998)

FIPAs signed FIPAs that have been concluded and signed, but have not yet entered into force: Canada–Taiwan (December 2023) Canada–Nigeria (May 2014)

FIPA negotiations concluded

FIPA negotiations concluded, not in force nor signed, with date concluded:

Canada–Albania (November 2013) Canada–Bahrain (February 2010) Canada–Madagascar (August 2008) Canada–Zambia (March 2013)

Ongoing FIPA negotiations

FIPA negotiations that have not yet concluded: Canada–Democratic Republic of Congo Canada–Gabon Canada–Georgia Canada–Ghana Canada–India Canada–Kazakhstan Canada–Kenya Canada–Republic of Macedonia Canada–Mauritania Canada–Mozambique Canada–Pakistan Canada–Qatar Canada–Rwanda Canada–Tunisia

Free trade agreements of Canada

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