An endangered language is a language that is at risk of falling out of use, generally because it has few surviving speakers. If it loses all of its native speakers, it becomes an extinct language. A language may be endangered in one area but show signs of revitalisation in another, as with the Irish language.
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization defines five levels of language endangerment between "safe" (not endangered) and "extinct": Vulnerable – "most children speak the language, but it may be restricted to certain domains (e.g. home)" Definitely endangered – "children no longer learn the language as mother tongue in the home" Severely endangered – "language is spoken by grandparents and older generations; while the parent generation may understand it, they do not speak it to children or among themselves" Critically endangered – "the youngest speakers are grandparents and older, and they speak the language partially and infrequently" Extinct – "there are no speakers left; included in the Atlas if presumably extinct since the 1950s"
The list below includes the findings from the third edition of Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger (2010; formerly the Red Book of Endangered Languages), as well as the online edition of the aforementioned publication, both published by UNESCO.
+Russian FederationLanguageStatusLanguage FamilyNationsISO 639-3Abaza languageDefinitely endangeredNorthwest CaucasianRussia, TurkeyabqAbkhaz languageVulnerableNorthwest CaucasianGeorgia, Russia, TurkeyabkAdyghe language (West Circassian)Definitely endangeredNorthwest CaucasianIraq, Israel, Jordan, Macedonia, Russia, Syria, TurkeyadyAgul languageDefinitely endangeredNortheast Caucasian (Lezgic)Azerbaijan, RussiaagxAkhvakh languageDefinitely endangeredNortheast Caucasian (Andic)Azerbaijan, RussiaakvAleut language (Western, Commander Islands)Critically endangeredEskaleut (Aleut)Russia, United States aleAlutor languageSeverely endangeredChukotko-KamchatkanRussiaaluAndi languageDefinitely endangeredNortheast Caucasian (Andic)RussiaaniArchi languageDefinitely endangeredNortheast Caucasian (Lezgic)RussiaaqcAvar languageVulnerableNortheast Caucasian (Avar)Azerbaijan, RussiaavaBagvalal languageDefinitely endangeredNortheast Caucasian (Andic)RussiakvaBaraba Tatar dialectSeverely endangeredTurkic (Kipchak)RussiaBashkir languageVulnerableTurkic (Kipchak)RussiabakBelarusian languageVulnerableIndo-European (East Slavic)Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, UkrainebelBezhta languageDefinitely endangeredNortheast Caucasian (Tsezic)RussiakapBohtan Neo-Aramaic dialectSeverely endangeredAfro-Asiatic (Semitic)Georgia, RussiabhnBotlikh languageDefinitely endangeredNortheast Caucasian (Andic)RussiabphBuryat languageSeverely endangeredMongolicChina, Mongolia, RussiabuaCentral Selkup languageCritically endangeredUralic (Samoyedic)RussiaCentral Siberian Yupik languageSeverely endangeredEskaleutRussia, United StatesessChamalal languageDefinitely endangeredNortheast Caucasian (Andic)RussiacjiChechen languageVulnerableNortheast CaucasianRussiacheChelkan languageSeverely endangeredTurkic (Siberian Turkic)RussiaChukchi languageSeverely endangeredChukotko-KamchatkanRussiacktChulym languageCritically endangeredTurkic (Siberian Turkic)RussiaclwChuvash languageVulnerableTurkicRussiachvDargwa languageVulnerableNortheast Caucasian (Dargin)RussiadarDolgan languageDefinitely endangeredTurkic (Siberian Turkic)RussiadlgEastern Khanty languageDefinitely endangeredUralicRussiaEastern Mansi languageCritically endangeredUralicRussiaEastern Mari languageDefinitely endangeredUralic (Mari)RussiamhrErzya languageDefinitely endangeredUralic (Mordvinic)RussiamyvEven languageSeverely endangeredTungusic (Northern)RussiaeveEvenki languageSeverely endangeredTungusic (Northern)China, RussiaevnForest Enets languageCritically endangeredUralic (Samoyedic)RussiaenfForest Nenets languageSeverely endangeredUralic (Samoyedic)RussiaForest Yukagir languageCritically endangeredYukaghirRussiayuxGodoberi languageDefinitely endangeredNortheast Caucasian (Andic)RussiagdoHinukh languageDefinitely endangeredNortheast Caucasian (Tsezic)RussiaginHomshetsi dialectSeverely endangeredIndo-European (Armenian)Armenia, Georgia, Russia, TurkeyHunzib languageDefinitely endangeredNortheast Caucasian (Tsezic)Georgia, RussiahuzIngrian languageSeverely endangeredUralic (Finnic)RussiaizhIngush languageVulnerableNortheast Caucasian (Nakh)RussiainhItelmen languageCritically endangeredChukotko-KamchatkanRussiaitlJudeo-TatDefinitely endangeredIndo-European (Indo-Iranian)Azerbaijan, Israel, RussiajdtKabardianVulnerableNorthwest Caucasian (Circassian)Jordan, Russia, Syria, TurkeykbdKalmyk languageDefinitely endangeredMongolicRussiaxalKarachay-Balkar languageVulnerableTurkic (Kipchak)RussiakrcKarata languageDefinitely endangeredNortheast Caucasian (Andic)RussiakptKarelian languageDefinitely endangeredUralic (Finnic)Finland, RussiakrlKet languageSeverely endangeredYeniseianRussiaketKhakas languageDefinitely endangeredTurkic (Siberian Turkic)RussiakjhKhamnigan Mongol languageDefinitely endangeredMongolicChina, Mongolia, RussiaykhKhwarshi languageDefinitely endangeredNortheast Caucasian (Tsezic)RussiakhvKildin Saami languageSeverely endangeredUralic (Sámi)RussiasjdKili languageSeverely endangeredTungusic (Northern?)RussiaKomi languageDefinitely endangeredUralic (Permic)RussiakpvKoryak languageSeverely endangeredChukotko-KamchatkanRussiakpyKumandin languageCritically endangeredTurkic (Siberian Turkic)RussiaKumyk languageVulnerableTurkic (Kipchak)RussiakumLak languageVulnerableNortheast CaucasianRussialbeLatgalian languageVulnerableIndo-European (Baltic)Latvia, RussialtgLezgian languageVulnerableNortheast Caucasian (Lezgic)Azerbaijan, RussialezLudic languageSeverely endangeredUralic (Finnic)RussialudMoksha languageDefinitely endangeredUralic (Mordvinic)RussiamdfNanai languageSeverely endangeredTungusic (Southern)China, RussiagldNaukan Yupik languageCritically endangeredEskaleutRussiaynkNegidal languageCritically endangeredTungusic (Northern)RussianegNganasan languageSeverely endangeredUralic (Samoyedic)RussianioNivkh languageSeverely endangeredIsolateRussianivNogai languageDefinitely endangeredTurkic (Kipchak)Bulgaria, Kazakhstan, Romania, Russia, Turkey, Ukraine, UzbekistannogNorthern SámiDefinitely endangeredUralic (Sámi)Finland, Norway, Russia, SwedensmeNorthern Altai languageSeverely endangeredTurkic (Siberian Turkic)RussiaatvNorthern Khanty languageDefinitely endangeredUralicRussiaNorthern Mansi languageSeverely endangeredUralicRussiaNorthern Selkup languageSeverely endangeredUralic (Samoyedic)RussiaOlonetsian languageDefinitely endangeredUralic (Finnic)Finland, RussiaoloOroch languageCritically endangeredTungusic (Northern)RussiaoacOrok languageCritically endangeredTungusic (Southern)Japan, RussiaoaaOssetian languageVulnerableIndo-European (Indo-Iranian)Georgia, RussiaossPontic Greek languageDefinitely endangeredIndo-European (Hellenic)Armenia, Georgia, Greece, Kazakhstan, Russia, Turkey, UkrainepntRomani languageDefinitely endangeredIndo-European (Indo-Aryan)Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United KingdomromRutul languageDefinitely endangeredNortheast Caucasian (Lezgic)Azerbaijan, RussiarutSeto dialectDefinitely endangeredUralic (Finnic)Estonia, RussiaShor languageSeverely endangeredTurkic (Siberian Turkic)RussiacjsSiberian Tatar languageDefinitely endangeredTurkic (Kipchak)RussiastySkolt Sámi languageSeverely endangeredUralic (Sámi)Finland, RussiasmsSouthern Altai languageDefinitely endangeredTurkic (Kipchak)RussiaaltSouthern Selkup languageCritically endangeredUralic (Samoyedic)RussiaSoyot languageExtinct, partly revitalizedTurkic (Siberian Turkic)Mongolia, RussiaTabasaran languageVulnerableNortheast Caucasian (Lezgic)RussiatabTaz dialectSeverely endangeredSino-Tibetan (Sinitic)RussiaTeleut languageCritically endangeredTurkic (Kipchak)RussiaTer Sámi languageCritically endangeredUralic (Sámi)RussiasjtTindi languageDefinitely endangeredNortheast Caucasian (Andic)RussiatinTofa languageCritically endangeredTurkic (Siberian Turkic)RussiakimTürkpenDefinitely endangeredTurkic (Oghuz)RussiaTsakhur languageDefinitely endangeredNortheast Caucasian (Lezgic)Azerbaijan, RussiatkrTsez languageDefinitely endangeredNortheast Caucasian (Tsezic)RussiaddoTundra Enets languageCritically endangeredUralic (Samoyedic)RussiaenhTundra Nenets languageDefinitely endangeredUralic (Samoyedic)RussiaTundra Yukagir languageCritically endangeredYukaghirRussiaykgTuvan languageVulnerableTurkicChina, Mongolia, RussiatyvUdege languageCritically endangeredTungusic (Northern)RussiaudeUdmurt languageDefinitely endangeredUralic (Permic)RussiaudmUlch languageCritically endangeredTungusic RussiaulcVeps languageSeverely endangeredUralic (Finnic)RussiavepVotic languageCritically endangeredUralic (Finnic)RussiavotWestern Mari languageSeverely endangeredUralicRussiamrjYakut languageVulnerableTurkic (Siberian Turkic)RussiasahYiddish language (Europe)Definitely endangeredIndo-European (Germanic)Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Norway, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdomydd
See also List of endangered languages in Europe List of endangered languages in Asia List of endangered languages in Africa
References
External links