Rade language

Rade (Rhade; Rade: ; or ) is an Austronesian language of southern Vietnam. There may be some speakers in Cambodia. It is a member of the Chamic subgroup, and is closely related to the Cham language of central Vietnam.

Classification Đoàn Văn Phúc (1998:23) provides the following classification for the Rade dialects. Đoàn (1998) also provides a 1,000-word vocabulary list for all of the nine Rade dialects. Area 1 Area 1.1: Krung, Kpă, Adham Area 1.2: Drao. Êpan, Ktul Blô (mixture of areas 1.1 and 1.2, as well as Mdhur) Area 2 Mdhur Bih

Đoàn Văn Phúc (1998:23) assigns the following cognacy percentages for comparisons between Kpă and the other eight dialects of Rade, with Bih as the most divergent dialect. Kpă – Krung: 85.5% Kpă – Adham: 82% Kpă – Ktul: 82% Kpă – Mdhur: 80% Kpă – Blô: 82% Kpă – Êpan: 85% Kpă – Drao: 81% Kpă – Bih: 73%

Dialects Đoàn Văn Phúc (1998:24) lists nine dialects of Rade. They are spoken mostly in Đắk Lắk Province in the Central Highlands region of Vietnam.

Kpă: spoken throughout Buôn Ma Thuột Krung: spoken in Ea H'leo and Krông Năng; some Krung also live among the Jarai in Gia Lai Province Adham: spoken in Krông Buk, Krông Năng, and Ea H'leo Ktul: spoken in Krông Bông and the southern part of Krông Pắk Drao (Kơdrao): spoken in M'Đrăk (in the townships of Krông Jing, Cư M'Ta, and Ea Trang) Blô: spoken in M'Đrăk (small population) Êpan: spoken in M'Đrăk (small population) Mdhur: spoken in Ea Kar and M'Đrăk; also in Gia Lai Province and Phu Yen Province Bih: spoken in Krông Ana and in the southern part of Buôn Ma Thuột

Bih, which has about 1,000 speakers, may be a separate language. Tam Nguyen (2015) reported that there are only 10 speakers of Bih out of an ethnic population of about 400 people.

A patrilineal Rade subgroup known as the Hmok or Hmok Pai is found in the Buôn Ma Thuột area (Phạm 2005:212).

Phonology The spelling is shown in italics.

Consonants +Rade consonantsLabialAlveolarPalatalVelarGlottalNasalm n ñ ng Stop p t č k ph th čh kh b d j g ƀ đ dj Fricatives h Approximantw l y Rhoticr

The voiced implosives are also described as "preglottalized stops" (. According to : is as an affricate . are dental (). has slight friction (). There is an optional schwa between the bilabial plosives and . Thus pra "scaffold" is pronounced . is weakened before most consonants, except before the liquids where there may be a schwa. Compare mčah "broken" and mla "tusk" . When other consonants is followed by , there may be a schwa or coarticulation. Compare trah "to fish" , tlao "to laugh" , dlao "to scold" , dhan "branch" , jhat "bad" , ghang "to roast" . can also be heard as a more bilabial . Glottalized final consonant sounds are heard only in final position.

Vowels +Rade vowelsFrontCentralBackHighĭ i ư̆ ư ŭ u Midê̆ ê ơ̆ ơ ô̆ ô Lowĕ e ă a ŏ o

are central (respectively ).

Vocabulary

– the most senior in age and authority – Protestant of Christian (single word identity of E-de) – you – husband – her/him – they – we – love – hate – younger sibling – mom/mother – grandma/grandmother – grandma/grandfather – father, dad daddy – ugly, bad – pretty – beautiful girl – good – love – give – true – go – I/me – name – country – want/like – God – speak – language – rice porridge – fat – skinny – black – to be from – from , , , , – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , , , , : 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 – America – Cambodia – person – learn – sound of displeasure/pain – Buôn Ma Thuột (city) – type/write – English – Rade/Ede – A lot – French -crazy

Notes

References

Rade language

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