There were 685.6 million malnourished people in the world in 2024, a decrease of 112.7 million since 2005, Although the world already produces enough food to feed everyone (8 billion people) and could feed more than that (12 billion people).Jean Ziegler."Promotion And Protection Of All Human Rights, Civil, Political, Economic, Social And Cultural Rights, Including The Right To Development: Report of the Special Rapporteur on the right to food, Jean Ziegler" .Human Rights Council of the United Nations, January 10, 2008."According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the world already produces enough food to feed every child, woman and man and could feed 12 billion people, or double the current world population."
Reducing malnutrition is key part of Sustainable Development Goal 2, "Zero Hunger", with a malnutrition target alongside reducing under nutrition and stunted child growth. Because of the Sustainable Development Goals, various UN agencies are responsible for measuring and coordinating action to reduce malnutrition. According to the World Food Programme, 135 million people suffer from acute hunger, largely due to manmade conflicts, climate changes, and economic downturns. In 2020, it was stated that COVID-19 could double the number of people at risk of suffering acute hunger by the end of the year.
By country + Number of undernourished globallyYear2005200620072008200920102011201220132014Number in millions798.3743.1679.1644.8637.4604.8575573.6562.7538.7Percentage (%)12.2%11.2%10.1%9.5%9.2%8.7%8.1%8%7.8%7.3%Year2015201620172018201920202021202220232024Number in millions570.2568.3541.3557581.3669.3708.7723.8733.4685.6Percentage (%)7.7%7.6%7.1%7.2%7.5%8.5%9%9.1%9.1%8.5% + Number of undernourished in the developing worldYear197019801991199620022004200620112012Number in millions875841820790825848927805852Percentage (%)37%28%20%18%17%16%17%14%13%
The number of undernourished people (million) in 2010–2012 and 2014–2016 (projected). According to the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), these countries had 5 million or more undernourished people in 2001–2003 and in 2005–2007.
Country 2010–2012 2014–2016 2017–2018 189.9 175.0 164.4 163.2 133.8 121.4 38.3 41.4 40.0 10.2 12.9 25.6 26.5 26.3 24.2 26.9 19.4 22.0 32.1 31.6 21.6 16.1 16.8 17.6 8.7 10.3 17.6 10.0 9.9 14.6 12.7 13.7 13.9 10.3 10.5 12.2 7.0 8.0 11.4 7.8 8.1 11.1 6.1 6.7 11.1 12.2 10.3 8.8 6.9 7.4 8.5 4.5 5.0 8.5 7.3 6.9 8.3 N/A N/A 8.2 9.4 7.7 5.7 4.9 5.7 5.4 6.0 5.0 5.4 5.3 4.4 2.4
Note: This table measures "undernourishment", as defined by the FAO, and represents the number of people consuming (on average for years 2010 to 2012) less than the minimum amount of food energy (measured in kilocalories per capita per day) necessary for the average person to stay in good health while performing light physical activity. It is a conservative indicator that does not take into account the extra needs of people performing extraneous physical activity, nor seasonal variations in food consumption or other sources of variability such as inter-individual differences in energy requirements. Malnutrition and undernourishment are cumulative or average situations, and not the work of a single day's food intake (or lack thereof). This table does not represent the number of people who "went to bed hungry today."
The below is a list of countries by percentage of population with undernourishment, as defined by the United Nations World Food Programme and the FAO in its "The State of Food Insecurity in the World" 2009 report.
RankCountryPercentage of population undernourished20212004–061990–921 66% 67% 2 63% 44% 3 51% 35% 32% 4–5 49% 41% 47% 49%6–7 46% 15% 15% 46% 32% 21% 8 45% 58% 63% 9–1138% 38% 38% 30% 38% 39% 40% 12–1335% 75% 29% 35% 32% 30% 14 33% 21% 40% 15–16 32% 40% 45% 32% 15% 19% 17–18 31% 38% 59% 31% 37% 59% 19–2030% 30% 45% 40% 21–24 28% 30% 33% Low-income countries28%28% 46% 45% 28% <5% <5% 25 24% 35% 28% 26–28 23% 26% 20% 23% 23%29–31 22% 44% 66% 22% 44% 71% 22%3221%33 20% 29% 20% 34–37 19% 23% 24% 19% 12% 19% 19% 22% 24% 19%38–4118% 18% 29% 45% 18% 21% 52% 18% 24% 12%42–4517% 17% 20% 29% 17% 19% 29% 17% 37% 45% 46–49 16% 9% 14% 16% 28% 38% 16% 8% 15% 16%50–5114% 14% 13% 24% 52–54 13% 16% 14% 13%13%55–59 12% 18% 12% 12% 12% 10% 14% 12% 20% 31% 12% 10% 11% 60 11% 26% 36% 61–62 10% 19% 28% 10%63–679%Middle income countries9%9%7%11%9% 26% 34% World9%68–74 8% 14% 15% 8% 10% 9% 8% 5% 11% 8% <5% <5% 8% 8% 29% 30% 8%<5%<5%75–80 7% 10% 15% 7% 7% <5% <5% 7%7%6%7% 7% 13% 28% 81–87 6% 23% 34% 6% 21% 27% 6% 16% 19% 6% <5% <5% 6% <5% 5% 6% 25% 28% 6% 6% 9% 88–1045% 5% <5% 6% 5% 25% 38% 5% 5% 8% 34% 5% <5% 9% 5% 19% 27% 5% 5% 16% 21% 5% 5% 17% 18% 5% 15% 21% 5% 5% 21% 27% 5% 17% 29% 5% 5% 13% 28% 105–106 <5% <5% <5% <5% 107–1134% 4% <5% <5% 4% 17% 44% 4% 4% 12% 16% 4% <5% <5% 4%114–179 3% <5% <5% 3% 10% 43% 3%3% 3% 25% 27% 3%3%3%3%3%3% 3% <5% 7% 3% 10% 15% 3% <5% 6% 3% 3% <5% 5% 3%3%3%3%3%3% 3% 12% 47% 3%3% 3% 6% 18% High income countries3%3%3% 3% <5% <5% 3% <5% 20% 3%3%3%3%3%3%3%3% 3% <5% <5% 3% <5% 5% 3%3%3%3%3%3%3%3%3%3%3%3%3%3%3%3%3%3% 3% <5% <5% 3%3%3%3%3% 3% 13% 5%
Middle East Malnutrition rates in Iraq had risen from 19% before the US-led invasion to a national average of 28% four years later.of Iraqi children now malnourished four years after US invasion Reuters. 16 March 2007 By 2010, according to the UN Food and Agriculture Organization, only 8% were malnourished. (See data above.)
A famine has been confirmed in Gaza following the Israel-Palestine conflict; the conflict has led to 380+ deaths due to a lack of nutrition as of September 2025.
Yemen is experiencing one of the world's most severe malnutrition crises, with the humanitarian emergency escalating sharply in 2025. By early 2026, projections indicate that over 18 million Yemenis will be experiencing crisis levels of hunger, with at least 41,000 people at immediate risk of famine.
South Asia According to the Global Hunger Index, South Asia (also known as the Indian subcontinent) has the highest child malnutrition rate of world's regions. India, a largely vegetarian country and second largest country in the world by population, contributes most number in malnutrition in the region. The 2006 report mentioned that "the low status of women in South Asian countries and their lack of nutritional knowledge are important determinants of high prevalence of underweight children in the region" and was concerned that South Asia has "inadequate feeding and caring practices for young children".
30% children of India are underweight, one of the highest rates in the world and nearly double the rate of Sub-Saharan Africa.
Research on overcoming persistent under-nutrition published by the Institute of Development Studies, argues that the co-existence of India as an 'economic powerhouse' and home to one-third of the world's under-nourished children reflects a failure of the governance of nutrition: "A poor capacity to deliver the right services at the right time to the right populations, an inability to respond to citizens' needs and weak accountability are all features of weak nutrition governance." The research suggests that to make under-nutrition history in India the governance of nutrition needs to be strengthened and new research needs to focus on the politics and governance of nutrition. At the current rate of progress the MDG1 target for nutrition will only be reached in 2042 with severe consequences for human wellbeing and economic growth. However, some researchers in India have provided alternative pathways to combat malnutrition.
United States
According to the United States Department of Agriculture, 47.4 million million people lived in food-insecure houses in 2023, including 14 million children. This represents nearly one in five American children.
Although the United States Department of Agriculture reported in 2023 that an estimated 86.5 percent percent of households in the country are food secure, millions of people in America struggle with the threat of hunger or experience hunger on a daily basis. The USDA defines food security as the economic condition of a household wherein which there is reliable access to a sufficient amount of food so all household members can lead a healthy productive life. Hunger is most commonly related to poverty since a lack of food helps perpetuate the cycle of poverty. Individuals living in poverty lack the financial resources to purchase food or pay for unexpected events, such as a medical emergency. When such emergencies arise, families are forced to cut back on food spending so they can meet the financial demands of the unexpected emergency. Although hunger affects various groups across the United States, children, people from low socioeconomic backgrounds, and minority groups, are statistically overrepresented among those experiencing hunger.
The largest nonprofit food relief organization in the United States, Feeding America, feeds 46.5 million citizens a year to address the nation's food insecurity issue. This equates to one in seven Americans requiring their aid in a given year. An organization that focuses on providing food for the elderly population is Meals on Wheels, which is a nonprofit that delivers meals to seniors' homes. The government also works towards providing relief through programs such as the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) which was formerly known to the public as Food Stamps. Another well known government program is the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) which provides free or reduced lunches to students who qualify for the program.
The number of Americans suffering from hunger rose after the 2008 financial crisis, with children and working adults now making up a large proportion of those affected. In 2012, Gleaners Indiana Food bank reported that there were now 50 million Americans struggling with food insecurity (about 1 in 6 of the population), and that the number of folks seeking help from food banks had increased by 46% since 2005.Gleaners Indiana Food bank Retrieved 18 July 2012 According to a 2012 study by UCLA Center for Health Policy Research, even married couples who both work but have low incomes sometimes require the aid of food banks.
Childhood malnutrition is generally thought of as being limited to developing countries, but although most malnutrition occurs there, it is also an ongoing presence in developed nations. For example, in the United States of America, one out of every six children is at risk of hunger. A study, based on 2005–2007 data from the U.S. Census Bureau and the Agriculture Department, shows that an estimated 3.5 million children under the age of five are at risk of hunger in the United States.
In developed countries, this persistent hunger problem is not due to lack of food or food programs, but is largely due to an underutilization of existing programs designed to address the issue, such as food stamps or school meals. Many citizens of rich countries such as the United States of America attach stigmas to food programs or otherwise discourage their use. In the USA, only 60% of those eligible for the food stamp program actually receive benefits.
Africa