In theoretical physics, a dynamical horizon (DH) is a local description (i.e. independent of the global structure of space–time) of evolving black-hole horizons. In the literature there exist two different mathematical formulations of DHs—the 2+2 formulation developed first by Sean Hayward and the 3+1 formulation developed by Abhay Ashtekar and others (see ). It provides a description of a black hole that is evolving (e.g. one that has a non-zero mass–energy influx). A related formalism, for black holes with zero influx, is an isolated horizon.
Formal definition The formal definition of a dynamical horizon is as follows:
See also Isolated horizon Non-expanding horizon
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