Demographics of Belarus

The demographics of Belarus is about the demographic features of the population of Belarus, including population growth, population density, ethnicity, education level, health, economic status, religious affiliations, and other aspects of the population.

Population The population of Belarus suffered a dramatic decline during World War II, dropping from more than 9 million in 1940 to 7.7 million in 1951. It then resumed its long-term growth, rising to 10 million in 1999. After that the population began a steady decline, dropping to 9.7 million in 2006–2007.Population estimates 1995–2007 , BelStat Originally a highly agrarian country with nearly 80% of its population in rural areas, Belarus has been undergoing a process of continuous urbanization. The rural population saw its share of the total population decrease from 70% in 1959 to less than 30% in the 2000s.Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Belarus 2007, BelStat, Minsk, 2007

Population 9,109,280 (2025 est.) country comparison to the world: 98

Age structure 0–14 years: 16.78% (male 791,170/female 414,450) 15–24 years: 9.59% (male 404,500/female 375,750) 25–54 years: 43.94% (male 2,058,648/female 2,105,910) 55–64 years: 14.45% (male 605,330/female 763,972) 65 years and over: 17.66% (male 327,300/female 355,163) (2022 est.)

Median age Total: 40.9 years Male: 39.5 years Female: 43.9 years (2022 est.)

Sex ratio At birth: 1.06 male(s)/female 0–14 years: 87.266 male(s)/female 15–24 years: 87.266 male(s)/female 25–54 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 55–64 years: 0.79 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.48 male(s)/female Total population: 87.266 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

+ Population change in Belarus, 1970 – 2010 1970–1989 1970–2010 1999–2010

Life expectancy at birth

Total population: 72.15 years country comparison to the world: 138 Male: 66.53 years Female: 78.1 years (2014 est.)

PeriodLife expectancy inYears1950–195560.711955–1960 66.321960–1965 69.111965–1970 70.371970–1975 70.511975–1980 70.411980–1985 70.141985–1990 71.351990–1995 69.441995–2000 67.422000–2005 67.832005–2010 69.252010–2015 72.15

Total fertility rate (TFR) in Belarus by region and year

Region 2024 2017 2016 2015 2010 2005 Belarus (total) 1.08 1.54 1.73 1.72 1.49 1.25 Minsk 0.69 1.06 1.21 1.24 1.25 1.08 Vitebsk Oblast 1.13 1.45 1.63 1.62 1.42 1.19 Mogilev Oblast 1.25 1.65 1.85 1.83 1.49 1.25 Gomel Oblast 1.20 1.72 1.93 1.89 1.55 1.28 Grodno Oblast 1.19 1.75 2.03 1.96 1.63 1.30 Brest Oblast 1.41 1.89 2.10 2.06 1.73 1.45 Minsk Oblast 1.14 1.94 2.16 2.18 1.72 1.37

Years 1880188118821883188418851886188718881889Total Fertility Rate in Belarus7.006.956.896.846.786.736.686.626.576.51 Years 1890189118921893189418951896189718981899Total Fertility Rate in Belarus6.466.416.356.306.246.196.146.086.056.02 TFRYears 19001901190219031904190519061907190819095.995.965.925.895.865.835.85.775.735.7 19101911191219131914191519161917191819195.675.645.615.585.545.515.485.455.425.38 19201921192219231924192519261927192819295.355.325.295.265.235.195.165.054.944.83 19301931193219331934193519361937193819394.714.64.494.384.264.154.043.933.823.7 19401941194219431944194519461947194819493.593.493.383.273.173.062.962.852.742.64 1950195119521953195419551956195719582.52.532.592.642.682.712.732.742.73

Infant mortality rate Total: 4.0 deaths/1,000 live births for 429 death. (2010) Total: 3.9 deaths/1,000 live births for 422 death. (2011) Total: 3.4 deaths/1,000 live births for 386 death. (2012) Total: 3.5 deaths/1,000 live births for 407 death. (2013) Total: 3.5 deaths/1,000 live births for 415 death. (2014)

Total: 3.5 deaths/1,000 live births for 321 death. (January–September 2014) Total: 3.2 deaths/1,000 live births for 283 death. (January–September 2015)

Vital statistics

Belarusian provinces of the Russian Empire The figures below refer to the uyezds of the five governorates of the Russian Empire (Grodno, Vitebsk, Minsk, Mogilev, Vilna) whose administrative centers are now part of modern-day Belarus.

Average populationLive birthsDeathsNatural changeCrude birth rate (per 1000)Crude death rate (per 1000)Natural change (per 1000) 19006,886,000301,000170,000131,00043.724.719.0 19017,020,000295,000180,000115,00042.125.616.4 19027,143,000313,000169,000144,00043.823.620.1 19037,290,000285,000182,000104,00039.124.914.2 19047,423,000297,000181,000116,00040.024.415.6 19057,546,000286,000184,000101,00037.924.413.4 19067,688,000293,000162,000131,00038.121.017.0 19077,809,000293,000149,000144,00037.519.018.5 19087,986,000280,000158,000122,00035.019.715.3 19098,138,000295,000161,000134,00036.219.816.4 19108,272,000286,000173,000113,00034.621.013.6 19118,382,000293,000156,000137,00035.018.616.4 19128,554,000299,000146,000154,00035.017.018.0 19138,725,000288,000156,000131,00033.017.915.1 19148,962,000298,000163,000135,00033.218.215.0

After WW2

Population and migration statistics:

YearAverage populationLive birthsDeathsNatural changeCrude birth rate (per 1000)Crude death rate (per 1000)Natural change (per 1000)Crude migration change (per 1000)Crude population change (per 1000)Total fertility rateAbortions reported 19507,745,000197,20062,000135,20025.58.017.5 -14.5 2.6 19517,765,000198,20061,200137,00025.57.917.6 -23.3 -5.7 19527,721,000191,10064,200126,90024.88.316.4 -20.4 -4.0 19537,690,000176,20061,900114,30022.98.014.9 -10.7 4.2 19547,722,000193,10061,600131,50025.08.017.0 -6.4 10.6 19557,804,000194,40058,000136,40024.97.417.5 -7.8 9.7 19567,880,000199,50056,000143,50025.37.118.2 -11.1 7.1 19577,936,000200,80058,000142,80025.37.318.0 -8.8 9.2 19588,009,000207,70053,700154,00025.96.719.2-6.312.9 19598,112,000204,60062,600142,00025.27.717.5 -7.9 9.62.72 19608,190,000200,21854,037146,18124.46.617.8 -6.3 11.52.69170,787 19618,284,000194,23953,682140,55723.46.517.0 -4.8 12.22.66178,290 19628,385,000185,30260,676124,62622.17.214.9 -6.3 8.72.57185,554 19638,458,000173,88958,291115,59820.66.913.7 -6.5 7.22.46191,137 19648,519,000161,79453,967107,82719.06.312.7 -2.4 10.32.36200,534 19658,607,000153,86558,15695,70917.96.811.1 0.8 11.92.27205,999 19668,709,000153,41458,26595,14917.66.710.9 -0.5 10.42.28203,430 19678,800,000147,50161,26386,23816.87.09.8 -1.1 8.82.26203,722 19688,877,000146,09562,35483,74116.57.09.4 -0.4 9.02.23198,955 19698,957,000142,65265,91276,74015.97.48.6 0.4 9.02.18191,637 19709,038,000146,67668,97477,70216.27.68.6 -0.4 8.22.30187,935 19719,112,000149,13568,51180,62416.47.58.8 -1.6 7.22.34190,169 19729,178,000147,81371,86675,94716.17.88.3 -1.0 7.32.36185,101 19739,245,000144,72973,92770,80215.78.07.7 -0.5 7.22.29193,503 19749,312,000146,87673,18173,69515.87.97.9 -2.0 5.92.24194,247 19759,367,000146,51779,70166,81615.68.57.1 -1.5 5.52.20194,710 19769,411,000147,91282,40065,51215.78.87.0 -1.5 5.52.16199,121 19779,463,000148,96384,56564,39815.78.96.8 -0.2 6.62.11202,146 19789,525,000151,05386,61264,44115.99.16.8 0.0 6.82.08201,619 19799,590,000151,80090,83760,96315.89.56.4 0.7 7.12.05203,446 19809,658,000154,43295,51458,91816.09.96.1 1.6 7.72.04201,852 19819,732,000157,89993,13664,76316.29.66.7 0.7 7.42.08202,340 19829,804,000159,36493,84065,52416.39.66.7 0.2 6.92.02198,011 19839,872,000173,51097,84975,66117.69.97.7 -1.0 6.72.09207,461 19849,938,000168,749104,27464,47517.010.56.5 -0.4 6.12.14210,844 19859,999,000165,034105,69059,34416.610.65.9 0.0 5.92.09200,888 198610,058,000171,61197,27674,33517.19.77.4 -2.1 5.32.10171,114 198710,111,000162,93799,92163,01616.29.96.2 -2.9 3.32.04163,761 198810,144,000163,193102,67160,52216.110.16.0 -3.3 2.72.03140,921 198910,170,374153,449103,47949,97015.110.24.9 -3.1 1.82.03256,041 199010,189,348142,167109,58232,58514.010.83.2 -3.1 0.11.91260,839 199110,194,050132,045114,65017,39513.011.21.7 -0.9 0.81.81241,138 199210,216,470127,971116,67411,29712.511.41.1 2.5 3.61.76240,387 1993 10,239,050117,384128,544 -11,16011.512.6 -1.1 2.0 0.91.62217,957 199410,226,955110,599130,003 -19,40410.812.7 -1.9 -1.3 -3.21.53212,533 199510,193,831101,144133,775 -32,6319.913.1 -3.2 0 -3.21.41193,280 199610,159,56995,798133,422 -37,6249.413.1 -3.7 0.2 -3.51.34174,098 199710,117,43389,586136,653 -47,0678.913.5 -4.7 -0.1 -4.81.25152,660 199810,071,96392,645137,296 -44,6519.213.6 -4.4 0.2 -4.21.30145,339 199910,026,73892,975142,027 -49,0529.314.2 -4.9 0.1 -4.81.31135,829 20009,979,61093,691134,867 -41,1769.413.5 -4.1 -0.5 -4.61.32121,895 20019,928,54991,720140,299 -48,5799.214.1 -4.9 -0.8 -5.71.29101,402 20029,865,54888,743146,655 -57,9129.014.9 -5.9 -1.1 -7.01.2489,895 20039,796,74988,512143,200 -54,6889.014.6 -5.6 -1.3 -6.91.2380,174 20049,730,14688,943140,064 -51,1219.114.4 -5.3 -1.6 -6.91.2371,700 20059,663,91590,508141,857 -51,3499.414.7 -5.3 -1.5 -6.91.2564,655 20069,604,92496,721138,426 -41,70510.114.4 -4.3 -1.0 -5.31.3458,516 20079,560,953103,626132,993 -29,36710.813.9 -3.1 -0.8 -3.91.4346,287 20089,527,985107,876133,879-26,00311.314.1-2.7 -0.3 -3.01.4942,197 20099,504,583109,263135,097-25,83411.514.2-2.7 0.8 -1.91.5135,967 20109,483,836108,050137,132-29,08211.414.5-3.1 0.6 -2.51.4933,262 20119,461,643109,147135,090-25,94311.514.3-2.7 0.5 -2.21.5032,031 20129,446,836115,893126,531-10,63812.313.4-1.1 0.2 -0.91.6028,628 20139,443,211117,997125,326-7,32912.513.3-0.8 1.0 0.21.6531,206 20149,448,515118,534121,542-3,00812.512.9-0.3 1.3 1.01.6829,797 20159,461,076119,028120,026-99812.612.7-0.1 1.8 1.71.7129,217 20169,469,379117,779119,379-1,60012.412.6-0.2 0.2 0.01.7227,467 20179,458,989102,556119,311-16,75510.812.6-1.8 -0.4 -2.21.5325,249 20189,438,78594,042120,053-26,01110.012.7-2.8 0.8 -2.01.4523,305 20199,419,75887,602120,470-32,8689.312.8-3.5 1.5 -2.01.3921,289 20209,379,95282,022144,536 -62,5148.715.4 -6.7 0.1 -6.61.33 18,180 20219,302,58576,151173,853 -97,7028.1 18.6 -10.5 0.0 -10.11.29 16,861 20229,228,07167,396130,064 -61,4177.313.9 -6.6 0.0 -6.41.19 16,69620239,178,29864,605119,823 -55,218 7.0 13.0 -6.0 1.2 -4.81.15 15,87120249,132,62958,938115,124 -56,186 6.5 12.6 -6.1 1.1 -5.11.08 14,44420259,109,280 54,257116,530 -62,273 6.012.8 -6.8 1.0 -5.81.0320269,056,080*

* Data as of 1 January. Data as of 1 July are to be released.

Current vital statistics

+ Period Live births Deaths Natural increase January—December 2024 58,938 115,124 -56,131 January—December 2025 54,257 116,530 -62,273 Difference -4,681 (-7.94%) +1,406 (+1.22%) -6,087 Source:

BelStat did not provide official birth data between 2020 and 2024. However, according to BelStat the number of inhabitants age 0-4 has declined from 550,147 on 1 January 2019 to 388,693 on 1 January 2024, a 29.3% decline in five years. BelStat issued official statistics in 2025 for the first time since 2020 showing that there were 58,938 births in 2024.

Structure of the population

Age groupMaleFemaleTotal% Total 4 351 473 5 061 973 9 413 446 100 0–4 270 610 255 488 526 098 5.59 5–9 288 068 273 160 561 228 5.96 10–14 259 437 246 882 506 319 5.38 15–19 234 423 221 344 455 767 4.84 20–24 228 635 219 413 448 048 4.76 25–29 305 775 310 546 616 321 6.55 30–34 388 316 392 937 781 253 8.30 35–39 367 695 381 356 749 051 7.96 40–44 325 233 345 140 670 373 7.12 45–49 302 148 337 685 639 833 6.80 50–54 289 385 333 961 623 346 6.62 55–59 319 173 385 127 704 300 7.48 60–64 292 835 387 326 680 161 7.23 65-69 202 723 310 845 513 568 5.46 70-74 123 837 219 468 343 305 3.65 75-79 67 798 160 061 227 859 2.42 80-84 55 715 164 022 219 737 2.33 85-89 21 467 80 001 101 468 1.08 90-94 7 173 31 583 38 756 0.41 95-99 966 5 300 6 266 0.07 100+ 61 328 389 <0.01Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent 0–14 818 115 775 530 1 593 645 16.93 15–64 3 053 618 3 314 835 6 368 453 67.65 65+ 479 740 971 608 1 451 348 15.42

Migration