Dichanthelium is genus of flowering plants of the grass family, Poaceae. They are known commonly as rosette grasses and panicgrasses.Dichanthelium. USDA PLANTS.
Taxonomy Formerly a subgenus of the genus Panicum, Dichanthelium was elevated to genus status in 1974. Its species are still treated as members of Panicum by some authorities, because the two genera are very similar in form. Molecular data support the recognition of Dichanthelium as a separate genus.Freckmann, R. W. and M. G. Lelong. Dichanthelium. The Grass Manual. Flora of North America.
The name Dichanthelium originates from the Greek for "twice-flowering", in reference to the vernal and autumnal growth phases.
Description These are perennial cool-season () grasses, sometimes with rhizomes. The grasses may overwinter as rosettes of short, wide leaves and then produce longer, wider leaves on the stem during spring. They produce hollow stems a few centimeters tall to well over one meter. They are upright to erect when new, then sometimes sprawling, spreading, and bending as the season progresses. The upper stems may have a few main branches that divide into smaller branches bearing panicles. There are primary panicles, which may be chasmogamous, and secondary panicles, which are often cleistogamous. The spikelets are roughly 1 to 5 millimeters long and lack awns.
In the Chicago area, Dichanthelium is considered the most emblematic genus of the Gulf and Atlantic coastal plain disjunct habitat found in that region.
Species There are about 72 species in the genus. Species include:Dichanthelium. Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).GRIN Species Records of Dichanthelium. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).
Dichanthelium aciculare (Desv. ex Poir.) Gould & C.A.Clark – needleleaf rosette grass, narrow-leaved panicgrass Dichanthelium acuminatum (Sw.) Gould &C.A. Clark – tapered rosette grass, hotsprings rosette grass, hairy panicgrass Dichanthelium adenorhachis (Zuloaga & Morrone) Zuloaga Dichanthelium aequivaginatum (Swallen) Zuloaga Dichanthelium albomaculatum (Scribn.) Gould Dichanthelium angustifolium (Elliott) Gould Dichanthelium annulum (Ashe) LeBlond Dichanthelium assurgens (Renvoize) Zuloaga Dichanthelium boreale (Nash) Freckmann – northern panicgrass Dichanthelium boscii (Poir.) Gould & C.A.Clark – Bosc's panicgrass Dichanthelium cabrerae (Zuloaga & Morrone) Zuloaga Dichanthelium caerulescens (Hack. ex Hitchc.) Correll Dichanthelium caparoense (Zuloaga & Morrone) Zuloaga Dichanthelium chamaelonche (Trin.) Freckmann & Lelong – small-seeded panicgrass Dichanthelium clandestinum (L.) Gould – deertongue Dichanthelium columbianum (Scribn.) Freckmann Dichanthelium commonsianum (Ashe) Freckmann Dichanthelium commutatum (Schult.) Gould – variable panicgrass Dichanthelium congestum (Renvoize) Zuloaga Dichanthelium conjugens (Skottsb.) C.A.Clark & Gould Dichanthelium cordovense (E.Fourn.) Davidse Dichanthelium cucaense (Zuloaga & Morrone) Zuloaga Dichanthelium cumbucana (Renvoize) Zuloaga Dichanthelium cynodon (Reichardt) C.A.Clark & Gould – tussock panicgrass Dichanthelium davidsei (Zuloaga & Morrone) Zuloaga Dichanthelium depauperatum (Muhl.) Gould – starved panicgrass Dichanthelium dichotomum (L.) Gould – cypress panicgrass, forked panicgrass Dichanthelium ensifolium (Baldwin ex Elliott) Gould – sword-leaf panicgrass Dichanthelium forbesii (Hitchc.) C.A. Clark & Gould Dichanthelium fusiforme (Hitchc.) Harvill Dichanthelium hebotes (Trin.) Zuloaga Dichanthelium heliophilum (Chase ex Zuloaga & Morrone) Zuloaga Dichanthelium hillebrandianum (Hitchc.) C.A.Clark & Gould – bog rosette grass Dichanthelium hirstii (Swallen) Kartesz – Hirst's panicgrass Dichanthelium implicatum (Scribn.) Kerguélen Dichanthelium isachnoides (Munro ex Hillebrand) C.A.Clark & Gould – Maui rosette grass Dichanthelium itatiaiae (Swallen) Zuloaga Dichanthelium joori (Vasey) Mohlenbr. Dichanthelium koolauense (H.St.John & Hosaka) C.A.Clark & Gould – Koolau rosette grass Dichanthelium lanuginosum (Elliott) Gould Dichanthelium latifolium (L.) Harvill – broadleaf rosette grass Dichanthelium laxiflorum (Lam.) Gould – openflower rosette grass, soft-tufted panicgrass Dichanthelium leibergii (Vasey) Freckmann – Leiberg's rosette grass Dichanthelium leucoblepharis (Trin.) Gould & C.A.Clark Dichanthelium lindheimeri (Nash) Gould Dichanthelium linearifolium (Scribn.) Gould – slimleaf rosette grass, linear-leaved panicgrass Dichanthelium lucidum (Ashe) LeBlond Dichanthelium macrospermum Gould Dichanthelium malacophyllum (Nash) Gould – softleaf rosette grass Dichanthelium mattamuskeetense (Ashe) Mohlenbr. Dichanthelium microcarpon (Muhl. ex Elliott) Mohlenbr. Dichanthelium nitidum (Lam.) Mohlenbr. Dichanthelium nodatum (Hitchc. & Chase) Gould – Sarita rosette grass Dichanthelium nudicaule (Vasey) B.F. Hansen & Wunderlin – naked-stemmed panicgrass Dichanthelium oligosanthes (Schult.) Gould – Heller's rosette grass, fewanther obscuregrass, few-flowered panicgrass Dichanthelium ovale (Elliott) Gould & C.A.Clark – eggleaf rosette grass, stiff-leaved panicgrass Dichanthelium pantrichum (Hack.) Davidse Dichanthelium pedicellatum (Vasey) Gould – cedar rosette grass, corm-based panicgrass Dichanthelium peristypum (Zuloaga & Morrone) Zuloaga Dichanthelium perlongum (Nash) Freckmann – long-stalked panicgrass Dichanthelium petropolitanum (Zuloaga & Morrone) Zuloaga Dichanthelium polyanthes (Schult.) Mohlenbr. – many-flowered panicgrass Dichanthelium portoricense (Desv. ex Ham.) B.F.Hansen & Wunderlin – blunt-glumed panicgrass Dichanthelium pycnoclados (Tutin) Davidse Dichanthelium ravenelii (Scribn. & Merr.) Gould – Ravenel's rosette grass Dichanthelium sabulorum (Lam.) Gould & C.A.Clark – hemlock rosette grass Dichanthelium scabriusculum (Elliott) Gould & C.A.Clark – woolly rosette grass, tall-swamp panicgrass Dichanthelium sciurotis (Trin.) Davidse Dichanthelium sciurotoides (Zuloaga & Morrone) Davidse Dichanthelium scoparioides (Ashe) Mohlenbr. Dichanthelium scoparium (Lam.) Gould – velvet panicum Dichanthelium scribnerianum (Nash) Gould Dichanthelium sendulskyii (Zuloaga & Morrone) Zuloaga Dichanthelium sphaerocarpon (Elliott) Gould – roundseed panicgrass, round-fruited panicgrass Dichanthelium sphagnicola (Nash) LeBlond Dichanthelium stigmosum (Trin.) Zuloaga Dichanthelium stipiflorum (Renvoize) Zuloaga Dichanthelium strigosum (Muhl. ex Elliott) Freckmann – roughhair rosette grass, cushion-tuft panicgrass Dichanthelium superatum (Hack.) Zuloaga Dichanthelium surrectum (Chase ex Zuloaga & Morrone) Zuloaga Dichanthelium telmatum (Swallen) Zuloaga Dichanthelium umbonulatum (Swallen) Davidse Dichanthelium viscidellum (Scribn.) Gould Dichanthelium wilcoxianum (Vasey) Freckmann – fall rosette grass, Wilcox's panicgrass Dichanthelium xalapense Kunth Dichanthelium xanthophysum (A. Gray) Freckmann – slender rosette grass, pale panicgrass Dichanthelium yadkinense (Ashe) Mohlenbr.
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