Events in the year 1878 in Argentina.
Incumbents President: Nicolás Avellaneda Vice President: Mariano Acosta
Governors Buenos Aires Province: Carlos Casares (until 1 May); Carlos Tejedor (from 1 May) Cordoba: Antonio Del Viso Mendoza Province: Julio Gutiérrez (until 15 February); Elías Villanueva (from 15 February) Santa Fe Province: Servando Bayo then Simón de Iriondo
Vice Governors Buenos Aires Province: Luis Sáenz Peña (until 1 May); José María Moreno (starting 1 May)
Events May 23 - chartering of Bank of the City of Buenos Aires as the Monte de Piedad in a measure against the prevalence of usury in Buenos Aires (mostly targeting the growing wave of immigration in Argentina)Banco Ciudad: historia
Deaths January 8 – Gauchito Gil, legendary religious figure (b. 1847)
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