Examples of health care systems of the world, sorted by continent, are as follows.

Classification Following sources of financing of healthcare systems can be categorized: Single-payer healthcare: government-funded healthcare is available to all citizens regardless of their income or employment status. Some countries may provide healthcare to non-citizen residents, while some may require them to buy private insurance Public insurance: In some countries workers have social insurance. Usually government withholds part of their wage, which is divided between employee and employer. People who are retired, unemployed or in education also have the right to healthcare paid by government but sometimes need to register for it manually. Private insurance: Operated by private insurance companies where beneficiaries regularly pay a premium to be covered. Private insurance can be nonprofit or for-profit. Out of pocket: Direct payment from the patient. This can be co-payments or co-insurance, or the full cost of the healthcare service. Foreign aid Countries in the table are categorized by the main system of financing their healthcare. Many countries in the world have multi-tiered healthcare systems with different ways of financing healthcare for different people and purposes.

Table Coverage: See row references, and the 2011 reference: "Estimate of health insurance coverage as a percentage of total population. Coverage includes affiliated members of health insurance or estimation of the population having free access to health care services provided by the State." Asterisk (*) indicates "Healthcare in LOCATION" or "Health in LOCATION" links.

+Health care systems by country. Location Coverage Financing system 23.6% Single-payer 85.2% Public-private insurance system 3% N/A N/A Public insurance system 0% N/A 51.1% N/A 96.8% Public-private insurance system 100% N/A 99.2% N/A 100% Public-private insurance system 99.9% Public-private insurance system 2.9% N/A 100% N/A 100% Single-payer 1.4% N/A 100% N/A 100% N/A 98.4% Public insurance system 25% N/A 8% Public insurance system 90% Single-payer 42.7% N/A 59.2% Public insurance system N/A Single-payer 100% Single-payer 100% Single-payer 94.3% Public insurance system 1% N/A 32% Public insurance system 26.1% N/A 2% N/A 100% Single-payer 6% N/A 1.2% N/A 95.3% Public-private insurance system 96.9% Public insurance system 95.86% Public insurance system 5.3% N/A 93% N/A 1.2% N/A 97% Public insurance system 100% Single-payer 65% Public-private insurance system 100%, 2024 Multi-payer social insurance system 10% N/A 100% Single-payer 30% Public insurance system 13.4% N/A 26.5% N/A 22.8% N/A 51.1% N/A 21.6% N/A 93.9% Public insurance system 6.2% N/A 28.1% Community-based health insurance 100% N/A 100% Single-payer 99.9% Social insurance system 45% Public insurance system 99.9% N/A 25% Single-payer 100% Public-private social insurance system 40% Public insurance system 100% Single-payer 7.4% N/A 30% N/A 0.2% N/A 1.6% N/A 23.8% N/A 3.1% N/A 12% N/A 100% Single-payer 96% Public insurance system 100% Single-payer 12.5% Public insurance system 96% Public insurance system 90% Public insurance system 100% Single-payer 100% Private health insurance system 100% Single-payer 20.1% N/A 100% Public insurance system 75% N/A 70% Single-payer 39.4% Public insurance system 100% Single-payer 83% Single-payer 11.6% N/A 100% Public insurance system 48.3% N/A 17.6% N/A 5.3% N/A 95% Private health insurance system 99% Public insurance system 100% Public insurance system N/A Single-payer 3.7% N/A 1.8% N/A 100% Single-payer 30% Single-payer 7% Community-based health insurance. 100% Single-payer 6% N/A 100% N/A 77.6% Public-private insurance system 88%Health systems in action: Republic of Moldova, 12 September 2022 Public insurance system N/A Public insurance system 81.9% Single-payer 95% Public insurance system 62% Public insurance system 2.7% N/A 28% N/A 0.1% N/A 98.9% Private health insurance system 100% Single-payer 12.2% N/A 3.1% N/A 3% N/A N/A Single-payer 94.9% Public insurance system 100% Single-payer 97% Single-payer 26.6% N/A 16.2% N/A 51.8% N/A 4.5%DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEY N/A 23.6% N/A 100% Public-private insurance system 82% N/A 96.9% Public insurance system 100% Single-payer 100% Public insurance system 3.3% N/A 88.8% Public insurance system 88% Public insurance system 88% Public insurance system 28.8% N/A 35.5% N/A 9.4% N/A N/A Single-payer 2.1% N/A 100% Single-payer 50% Community-based health insurance 92.1% Public insurance system 0% N/A 100% Public insurance system 95.5% Public-private social insurance system 100% Social insurance system 100% Single-payer 100% Public insurance system 100% Single-payer 100% Single-payer 46% N/A 100% Single-payer 100% Private health insurance system 90% N/A 99.6% Single-payer 0.3% N/A 27% Community-based health insurance. 98% N/A 4% N/A N/A Single-payer 85% Public insurance system 99.3% Public-private insurance system 82.3% N/A 2% N/A 100% Single-payer 100% N/A 100% Single-payer 92% Mixed non-universal • Maryland: Private Universal Insurance System • Colorado, Washington, Massachusetts: Public-Private Universal Healthcare 97.2% N/A 100% Single-payer 100% N/A 100% N/A 93.4%Health insurance coverage reaches 93.35 per cent of population, 5 February 2024 N/A 42% N/A 8.4% N/A 1% N/A

Notes

Japan Population by coverage: 59% – employment-based insurance plans 27% – Citizen Health Insurance plans for nonemployed individuals 12.7% – Health Insurance for the Elderly plans 1.7% – Public Social Assistance Program, for impoverished people Additionally 70% of people have supplementary private insurance.

Russia Funded by federal, regional and municipal budgets and by separate employer's tax payments, but medical aid in state and municipal health establishments in all cases is available for free to all citizens, foreign permanent residents, foreign temporary residents, stateless persons and refugees regardless of their income or employment status.

United States

Single-payer for citizens over 65 (Medicare) Public insurance for some low-income people (Medicaid) Private health insurance Out-of-pocket for uninsured population

Africa

Algeria

When Algeria gained its independence from France in 1962, there were only around 300 doctors across the whole country and no proper system of healthcare. Over the next few decades, great progress was made in building up the health sector, with the training of doctors and the creation of many health facilities. Today, Algeria has an established network of hospitals (including university hospitals), clinics, medical centres and small health units or dispensaries. While equipment and medicines may not always be the latest available, staffing levels are high and the country has one of the best healthcare systems in Africa. Access to health care is enhanced by the requirement that doctors and dentists work in public health for at least five years. The government provides universal health care.

Cape Verde

Medical facilities in Cape Verde are limited, and some medicines are in short supply or unavailable. There are hospitals in Praia and Mindelo, with smaller medical facilities in other places. The islands of Brava and Santo Antão no longer have functioning airports so air evacuation in the event of a medical emergency is nearly impossible from these two islands. Brava also has limited inter-island ferry service.United States Department of State, "Cape Verde: Country Specific Information"

Eritrea

Eritrea is one of the few countries to be on target to meet its Millennium Development Goal (MDG) targets for health. Researchers at the Overseas Development Institute have identified the high prioritisation of health and education both within the government and amongst Eritreans at home and abroad. Innovative multi-sectoral approaches to health were also identified with the success. About one-third of the population lives in extreme poverty, and more than half survives on less than US$1 per day. Health care and welfare resources generally are believed to be poor, although reliable information about conditions is often difficult to obtain. In 2001, the most recent year for which figures are available, the Eritrean government spent 5.7 percent of gross domestic product on national health accounts. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that in 2004 there were only three physicians per 100,000 people in Eritrea. The two-year war with Ethiopia, coming on the heels of a 30-year struggle for independence, negatively affected the health sector and the general welfare. The rate of prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), in Eritrea is believed to be at 0.7%(2012)which is reasonably low. In the decade since 1995, impressive results have been achieved in lowering maternal and child mortality rates and in immunizing children against childhood diseases. In 2008 average life expectancy was slightly less than 63 years, according to the WHO. Immunisation and child nutrition has been tackled by working closely with schools in a multi-sectoral approach; the number of children vaccinated against measles almost doubled in seven years, from 40.7% to 78.5% and the underweight prevalence among children decreased by 12% in 1995–2002 (severe underweight prevalence by 28%). This has helped to some small extent even out rural-urban and rich-poor inequity in health.

Ethiopia

Throughout the 1990s, the government, as part of its reconstruction program, devoted ever-increasing amounts of funding to the social and health sectors, which brought corresponding improvements in school enrollments, adult literacy, and infant mortality rates. These expenditures stagnated or declined during the 1998–2000 war with Eritrea, but in the years since, outlays for health have grown steadily. In 2000–2001, the budget allocation for the health sector was approximately US$144 million; health expenditures per capita were estimated at US$4.50, compared with US$10 on average in sub-Saharan Africa. In 2000 the country counted one hospital bed per 4,900 population and more than 27,000 people per primary health care facility. The physician to population ratio was 1:48,000, the nurse to population ratio, 1:12,000. Overall, there were 20 trained health providers per 100,000 inhabitants. These ratios have since shown some improvement. Health care is disproportionately available in urban centers; in rural areas where the vast majority of the population resides, access to health care varies from limited to nonexistent. As of the end of 2003, the United Nations (UN) reported that 4.4 percent of adults were infected with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS); other estimates of the rate of infection ranged from a low of 7 percent to a high of 18 percent. Whatever the actual rate, the prevalence of HIV/AIDS has contributed to falling life expectancy since the early 1990s. According to the Ministry of Health, one-third of current young adult deaths are AIDS-related. Malnutrition is widespread, especially among children, as is food insecurity. Because of growing population pressure on agricultural and pastoral land, soil degradation, and severe droughts that have occurred each decade since the 1970s, per capita food production is declining. According to the UN and the World Bank, Ethiopia at present suffers from a structural food deficit such that even in the most productive years, at least 5 million Ethiopians require food relief.