A regional election was held in Andalusia on 12 June 1994 to elect the 4th Parliament of the autonomous community. All 109 seats in the Parliament were up for election. It was held concurrently with the 1994 European Parliament election.

The candidate for the PSOE, Manuel Chaves, was invested as President of the Regional Government of Andalusia after winning the election. However, the poor results obtained by his party forced him to form a minority government 10 seats short of a majority. Eventually, a snap election had to be called in 1996 due to the impracticality of government resulting from the union, at times, of the two main opposition parties (People's Party and United Left).

Overview Under the 1981 Statute of Autonomy, the Parliament of Andalusia was the unicameral legislature of the homonymous autonomous community, having legislative power in devolved matters, as well as the ability to grant or withdraw confidence from a regional president.. The electoral and procedural rules were supplemented by national law provisions..

Date The term of the Parliament of Andalusia expired four years after the date of its previous election, unless it was dissolved earlier. The election decree was required to be issued no later than 25 days before the scheduled expiration date of parliament and published on the following day in the Official Gazette of the Regional Government of Andalusia (BOJA), with election day taking place 54 days after the decree's publication (barring any date within from 1 July to 31 August).; ( by ). The previous election was held on 23 June 1990, which meant that the chamber's term would have expired on 23 June 1994. Due to the ban on summer elections, the latest possible date for election day was 30 June 1994, meaning the election decree was required to be published in the BOJA no later than 7 May 1994.

Amendments earlier in 1994 granted the regional president the prerogative to dissolve the Parliament of Andalusia at any given time and call a snap election, provided that no motion of no confidence was in process and that dissolution did not occur before one year after a previous one. ( by ).

The election to the Parliament of Andalusia was officially called on 19 April 1994 with the publication of the corresponding decree in the BOJA, setting election day for 12 June and scheduling for the chamber to reconvene on 5 July..

Electoral system Voting for the Parliament was based on universal suffrage, comprising all Spanish nationals over 18 years of age, registered in Andalusia and with full political rights, provided that they had not been deprived of the right to vote by a final sentence, nor were legally incapacitated.; ( by ).

The Parliament of Andalusia had a minimum of 90 and a maximum of 110 seats, with electoral provisions fixing its size at 109. All were elected in eight multi-member constituencies—corresponding to the provinces of Almería, Cádiz, Córdoba, Granada, Huelva, Jaén, Málaga and Seville, each of which was assigned an initial minimum of eight seats and the remaining 45 distributed in proportion to population (with the number of seats in each province not exceeding two times that of any other)—using the D'Hondt method and closed-list proportional voting, with a three percent-threshold of valid votes (including blank ballots) in each constituency.; . The use of this electoral method resulted in a higher effective threshold depending on district magnitude and vote distribution.

As a result of the aforementioned allocation, each Parliament constituency was entitled the following seats:.

Seats Constituencies 18 Seville 16 Málaga 15 Cádiz 13 Córdoba, Granada 12 Jaén 11 Almería, Huelva

The law did not provide for by-elections to fill vacant seats; instead, any vacancies arising after the proclamation of candidates and during the legislative term were filled by the next candidates on the party lists or, when required, by designated substitutes. ( by ).

Outgoing parliament The table below shows the composition of the parliamentary groups in the chamber at the time of the election call.

+ Parliamentary composition in April 1994 Parliamentary groups Parties Legislators Seats Total Socialist Parliamentary Group PSOE–A 62 62 Andalusian People's Parliamentary Group PP 26 26 United Left/The Greens Parliamentary Group IULV–CA 11 11 Andalusian Parliamentary Group PA 6 6 Mixed Group PAP 4 4

Parties and candidates The electoral law allowed for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, alliances and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form an alliance were required to inform the relevant electoral commission within 10 days of the election call, whereas groupings of electors needed to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they sought election, disallowing electors from signing for more than one list. ( by ).

Below is a list of the main parties and alliances which contested the election:

Candidacy Parties andalliances Leading candidate Ideology Previous result Vote % Seats PSOE–A Manuel Chaves Social democracy 49.6% PP Javier Arenas ConservatismChristian democracy 22.2% IULV–CA Luis Carlos Rejón SocialismCommunism 12.7% PA–PAP Pedro Pacheco Andalusian nationalismSocial democracy 10.8%

Campaign Debates + 1994 Andalusian regional election debates Date Organizer(s) Moderator(s) PSOE–A PP Audience 2 June Canal SurAntena 3 Manuel Campo Vidal 40.6%

Opinion polls The tables below list opinion polling results in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first and using the dates when the survey fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. Where the fieldwork dates are unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed with its background shaded in the leading party's colour. If a tie ensues, this is applied to the figures with the highest percentages. The "Lead" column on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the parties with the highest percentages in a poll.

Voting intention estimates The table below lists weighted voting intention estimates. Refusals are generally excluded from the party vote percentages, while question wording and the treatment of "don't know" responses and those not intending to vote may vary between polling organisations. When available, seat projections determined by the polling organisations are displayed below (or in place of) the percentages in a smaller font; 55 seats were required for an absolute majority in the Parliament of Andalusia.

Polling firm/Commissioner Fieldwork date Sample size Turnout IULV PAP Lead 1994 regional election 12 Jun 1994 67.3 38.7 34.4 19.1 5.8 4.3 Sigma Dos/COPE 12 Jun 1994????? ?? Vox Pública/Antena 3 12 Jun 1994????? ?? Demoscopia/Cadena SER 12 Jun 1994????? ?? Eco Consulting/RTVE 12 Jun 1994????? ?? ICP–Research/Diario 16 5 Jun 1994?? 40.6 26.8 19.2 5.4 13.8 Sigma Dos/El Mundo 3–4 Jun 1994?? 39.4 32.2 17.8 6.9 7.2 Opina/La Vanguardia 30 May–1 Jun 1994 2,000? 40.0 34.0 15.0 8.0 6.0 Demoscopia/El País 29–31 May 1994?? 40.7 30.9 18.2 7.9 9.8 Metra Seis 26–31 May 1994 3,700???? ?? CIS 19–23 May 1994 2,000???? ?? Sigma Dos/El Mundo 16 May 1994?? 39.2 31.4? ? 6.8 CIS 13–28 Apr 1994 4,000???? ?? Opina/La Vanguardia 8–11 Apr 1994 2,000? 37.0 34.0 14.0 12.0 3.0 PSOE 7 Apr 1994????? ?? PP 7 Mar 1994 2,500? 40.0–42.0 34.0 13.0–16.0 3.04.0 – – 6.0–8.0 PP 5–18 Nov 1993 2,500? 42.0 32.0 14.0 4.0–6.0 3.0 – 10.0 1993 general election 6 Jun 1993 76.2 51.5 29.8 12.1 2.4 1.1 – 21.7 1990 regional election 23 Jun 1990 55.3 49.6 22.2 12.7 10.8 – – 27.4

Voting preferences The table below lists raw, unweighted voting preferences.

Polling firm/Commissioner Fieldwork date Sample size IULV PAP Lead 1994 regional election 12 Jun 1994 25.9 23.2 12.9 3.9 32.3 2.7 CIS 19–23 May 1994 1,994 26.6 18.6 11.5 4.8 29.4 7.7 8.0 CIS 13 Apr–2 May 1994 3,992 26.2 19.4 11.8 4.9 0.5 – 28.5 6.5 6.8 1993 general election 6 Jun 1993 39.1 22.8 9.2 1.8 0.8 – 23.5 16.3 CIS 11–24 Nov 1992 4,446 29.4 7.7 6.4 7.6 – – 34.8 12.8 21.7 1990 regional election 23 Jun 1990 27.4 12.3 7.0 6.0 – – 44.5 15.1

Victory preferences The table below lists opinion polling on the victory preferences for each party in the event of a regional election taking place.

Polling firm/Commissioner Fieldwork date Sample size IULV Other/None Lead Opina/La Vanguardia 30 May–1 Jun 1994 2,000 23.2 21.3 9.3 5.9 4.7 35.6 1.9 CIS 19–23 May 1994 1,994 32.4 21.1 – – 10.1 36.4 11.3 CIS 13 Apr–2 May 1994 3,992 34.1 22.9 – – 9.3 33.7 11.2 Opina/La Vanguardia 8–11 Apr 1994 2,000 18.1 21.8 7.7 4.2 1.6 46.7 3.7

Victory likelihood The table below lists opinion polling on the perceived likelihood of victory for each party in the event of a regional election taking place.

Polling firm/Commissioner Fieldwork date Sample size IULV Other/None Lead Opina/La Vanguardia 30 May–1 Jun 1994 2,000 42.7 12.1 1.2 2.4 1.0 40.5 30.6 CIS 19–23 May 1994 1,994 40.6 13.8 – – 21.0 24.6 26.8 CIS 13 Apr–2 May 1994 3,992 37.2 14.8 – – 18.6 29.4 22.4 Opina/La Vanguardia 8–11 Apr 1994 2,000 37.2 12.0 2.2 2.2 0.7 45.7 25.2

Results Overall + ← Summary of 12 June 1994 Parliament of Andalusia election results → Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia (PSOE–A) 1,395,131 38.72 −10.88 45 −17 People's Party (PP) 1,238,252 34.36 +12.18 41 +15 United Left/The Greens–Assembly for Andalusia (IULV–CA) 689,815 19.14 +6.47 20 +9 Andalusian Coalition–Andalusian Power (PA–PAP)1 208,862 5.80 −4.95 3 −7 Communist Party of the Andalusian People (PCPA) 12,078 0.34 +0.11 0 ±0 Forum–Democratic and Social Centre (Foro–CDS) 9,875 0.27 −0.91 0 ±0 Andalusian Nation (NA)2 9,690 0.27 +0.21 0 ±0 Humanist Party (PH) 5,510 0.15 +0.08 0 ±0 Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) 2,637 0.07 −0.01 0 ±0 Socialist October (OS) 641 0.02 New 0 ±0 Independent Spanish Phalanx (FEI) 350 0.01 New 0 ±0 Blank ballots 30,750 0.85 +0.41 Total 3,603,591 109 ±0 Valid votes 3,603,591 99.40 −0.16 Invalid votes 21,854 0.60 +0.16 Votes cast / turnout 3,625,445 67.27 +11.93 Abstentions 1,764,107 32.73 −11.93 Registered voters 5,389,552 Sources

Distribution by constituency Constituency PSOE–A PP IULV–CA PA–PAP % S % S % S % S Almería 38.1 5 41.9 5 15.0 1 3.2 − Cádiz 34.5 5 33.2 5 18.2 3 11.6 2 Córdoba 37.5 6 30.8 4 24.6 3 5.3 − Granada 38.3 5 38.6 6 16.8 2 4.4 − Huelva 44.1 5 33.3 4 15.7 2 5.2 − Jaén 42.6 5 35.9 5 15.6 2 4.1 − Málaga 34.3 6 36.5 6 22.4 4 4.7 − Seville 42.0 8 30.6 6 19.5 3 5.8 1 Total 38.7 45 34.4 41 19.1 20 5.8 3 Sources

Aftermath Government formation Investiture Ballot → 20 July 1994 23 July 1994 29 July 1994 Required majority → 55 out of 109 Simple Simple Sources

Notes

References Opinion poll sources

Other

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