Baillargeon is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Annie Baillargeon (born 1978), Canadian artist Charles-François Baillargeon (1798–1870), Canadian Roman Catholic priest and archbishop David Baillargeon (born 1996), Canadian squash player Émile Charles Baillargeon-Laberge (born 1990), Canadian professional wrestler Hélène Baillargeon, (1916–1997), Canadian singer, actor and folklorist Joel Baillargeon (born 1964), Canadian ice hockey left winger Luce Baillargeon (born 1977), Canadian judoka Pascal Baillargeon (born 1986), Canadian football offensive lineman Paul Baillargeon (born 1943), Canadian composer, known for his music for television shows Paule Baillargeon (born 1945), Canadian actress and film director Pierre Baillargeon (politician) (1812–1891), Canadian physician and political figure Pierre Baillargeon (1916–1967), Quebec writer and literary critic Renée Baillargeon (born 1954), Canadian academic Baillargeon Brothers, Canadian professional wrestlers Adrien Baillargeon (1918–1995) Antonio Baillargeon (1928–1997) Charles Baillargeon (1917–2010) Jean Baillargeon (1915–1994) Lionel Baillargeon (1921–1982) Paul Baillargeon (wrestler) (1922–1999)