Raphitomidae is a family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea.Bouchet P. & Rocroi J.-P. (Ed.) (2005). "Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families". Malacologia 47(1-2). . 397 pp.
Bouchet, Kantor et al. elevated in 2011 the subfamily Raphitominae (which at that point had been placed in the family Conidae) to the rank of family. This was based on a cladistic analysis of shell morphology, radular characteristics, anatomical characters, and a dataset of molecular sequences of three gene fragments. The family was found to be monophyletic.
Description The Raphitomidae is the largest, most diverse and most variable taxon in the Conoidea, with the greatest number of species and the largest ecological range (from the tropics to the pole) and largest vertical range (intertidal to hadal depths).
The shells of species in the Raphitomidae are very varianle in shape (buccinoid to ovate, elongate-fusiform, or high-cylindrical) and size (2 to 140 mm in height). Similarly, shell sculpture is extremely variable, from nearly smooth to well developed spiral and axial elements and subsutural ramps. Common morphology includes apertural armature rarely well developed, inner lip usually smooth, no operculum, radular tooth hypodermic in character with marginal teeth of variable morphology (including variable length).
The muscular bulb of the venom gland is always single-layered. The close relationship of Raphitomidae with cone snails (which are already under intensive study for the pharmaceutical applications of their toxins), makes them an interesting candidate for the discovery of new toxins.
Another characteristic is the multispiralprotoconch, which shows spiral striae on protoconch I and diagonally cancellated ("raphitomine") sculpture on protoconch II.Kantor, Yuri I., and John D. Taylor. "Foregut anatomy and relationships of raphitomine gastropods (Gastropoda: Conoidea: Raphitominae)." Bollettino Malacologico 38 (2003): 83-110.
Some species with a paucispiral protoconch are included in the family. This is usually based on similarities in shell morphology to species having a "raphitomine" protoconch. This determination should also ideally be founded on other attributes, such as the type of radula or foregut anatomy or their lack of an operculum.
Genera This is a list of the accepted names of genera in the family Raphitomidae (the main reference for recent species is the World Register of Marine Species) WoRMS: Raphitomidae
Abyssobela Kantor & Sysoev, 1986 Abyssothauma Sysoev, 1996 Acamptodaphne Shuto, 1971 Acanthodaphne Bonfitto & Morassi, 2006 Aliceia Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1897 Aplotoma Criscione, Hallan, Puillandre & Fedosov, 2020 Asperdaphne Hedley, 1922 Austrobela Criscione, Hallan, Puillandre & Fedosov, 2020 Austrodaphnella Laseron, 1954 Austropusilla Laseron, 1954 Austrotheta Criscione, Hallan, Puillandre & Fedosov, 2020 Awheaturris Beu, 1970Morassi, M.; Bonfitto, A. (2013). Three new bathyal raphitomine gastropods (Mollusca: Conoidea) from the Indo-Pacific region. Zootaxa. 3620(4) Bathybela Kobelt, 1905 Buccinaria Kittl, 1887 Biconitoma Criscione, Hallan, Puillandre & Fedosov, 2020 Clathromangelia Monterosato, 1884 Clinura Bellardi, 1875 Cryptodaphne Powell, 1942 Cyrillia Kobelt, 1905 Daphnella Hinds, 1844 Diaugasma Melvill, 1917 Eubela Dall, 1889 Eucyclotoma Boettger, 1895 Exomilus Hedley, 1918 Famelica Bouchet & Warén, 1980 Favriella Hornung, 1920 Fusobela Criscione, Hallan, Puillandre & Fedosov, 2020 Glaciotomella Criscione, Hallan, Puillandre & Fedosov, 2020 Gladiobela Criscione, Hallan, Puillandre & Fedosov, 2020 Globodaphne Criscione, Hallan, Puillandre & Fedosov, 2020 Glyphostomoides Shuto, 1983 Gymnobela Verrill, 1884 Hemilienardia Boettger, 1895 † Hokianga Laws, 1947 Isodaphne Laseron, 1954 Kermia Oliver, 1915 Kuroshiodaphne Shuto, 1965 Leiosyrinx Bouchet & A. Sysoev, 2001 Leufroyia Monterosato, 1884 Lusitanops F. Nordsieck, 1968 † Maoridaphne Powell, 1942 Microdaphne McLean, 1971 Microgenia Laseron, 1954 Mioawateria Vella, 1954 Neopleurotomoides Shuto, 1971 Nepotilla Hedley, 1918 Nodothauma Criscione, Hallan, Puillandre & Fedosov, 2020 † Onoketoma Beu, 2011 Pagodibela Criscione, Hallan, Puillandre & Fedosov, 2020 Pagodidaphne Shuto, 1983 Paramontana Laseron, 1954 Phymorhynchus Dall, 1908 Pleurotomella Verrill, 1872 Pontiothauma E.A. Smith, 1895 Pseudodaphnella Boettger, 1895 † Pseudolusitanops Lozouet, 2017 Pueridaphne Criscione, Hallan, Puillandre & Fedosov, 2020 † Puha Marwick, 1931 Raphitoma Bellardi, 1847 Rimosodaphnella Cossmann, 1916 Rocroithys Sysoev & Bouchet, 2001 Spergo Dall, 1895 Stilla Finlay, 1926 Taranidaphne Morassi & Bonfitto, 2001 Taranis Jeffreys, 1870 Teleochilus Harris, 1897 Teretia Norman, 1888 Teretiopsis Kantor & Sysoev, 1989 Thatcheria Angas, 1877 Thatcheriasyrinx Powell, 1969 Thatcherina Vera-Pelaez, 1998 Thesbia Jeffreys, 1867 Theta A.H. Clarke, 1959 Thetidos Hedley, 1899 - as a separate genusBouchet P., Kantor Yu.I., Sysoev A. & Puillandre N. (2011). "A new operational classification of the Conoidea". Journal of Molluscan Studies 77: 273-308. . or as a synonym of LienardiaBouchet, P. (2011). Thetidos Hedley, 1899 . Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=435335 on 2011-09-02 Tritonoturris Dall, 1924 Trochodaphne Criscione, Hallan, Puillandre & Fedosov, 2020 Truncadaphne McLean, 1971 Tuskaroria Sysoev, 1988 Typhlosyrinx Thiele, 1925 Veprecula Melvill, 1917 Vepridaphne Shuto, 1983 Vitjazinella Sysoev, 1988 Xanthodaphne Powell, 1942 Zenepos Finlay, 1926
Synonyms
Allo Jousseaume, 1934: synonym of Taranis Jeffreys, 1870 Anomalotomella Powell, 1966: synonym of Pleurotomella Verrill, 1872 Aspertilla Powell, 1944: synonym of Asperdaphne Hedley, 1922 Azorilla F. Nordsieck, 1968; synonym of Teretia Norman, 1888. Azorita F. Nordsieck, 1968: synonym of Pleurotomella Verrill, 1872 Bathypota F. Nordsieck, 1968: synonym of Bathybela Kobelt, 1905 Cenodagreutes E.H. Smith, 1967: synonym of Raphitoma Bellardi, 1847 Cirillia Monterosato, 1884: synonym of Philbertia Monterosato, 1884 Clathurina Melvill, 1917 : synonym of Kermia Oliver, 1915 Cochlioconus Yokoyama, 1928: synonym of Thatcheria Angas, 1877 Cordiera: synonym of Cordieria Rouault, 1848 Cyrtoides F. Nordsieck, 1968: synonym of Raphitoma Bellardi, 1847 Eudaphne Bartsch, 1931: synonym of Daphnella Hinds, 1844 Eudaphnella Bartsch, 1933: synonym of Daphnella Hinds, 1844 Feliciella Lamy, 1934: synonym of Taranis Jeffreys, 1870 Fenestrosyrinx Finlay, 1926 : synonym of Taranis Jeffreys, 1870 Fusidaphne Laseron, 1954: synonym of Pleurotomella Verrill, 1872 (synonym) Hemidaphne Hedley, 1918: synonym of Daphnella Hinds, 1844 Homotoma Bellardi, 1875: synonym of Philbertia Monterosato, 1884 Leufroyia Monterosato, 1884: synonym of Philbertia Monterosato, 1884 Lineotoma F. Nordsieck, 1977: synonym of Philbertia Monterosato, 1884 Litachilus Powell, 1944: synonym of Teleochilus Harris, 1897 Magnella Dittmer, 1960: synonym of Mioawateria Vella, 1954 Majox F. Nordsieck, 1968: synonym of Gymnobela Verrill, 1884 Metaclathurella Shuto, 1983: synonym of Otitoma Jousseaume, 1898 Mordica Dall, 1924: synonym of Veprecula Melvill, 1917 Ootoma Koperberg, 1931: synonym of Buccinaria Kittl, 1887 Ootomella Bartsch, 1933: synonym of Buccinaria Kittl, 1887 Paradaphne Laseron, 1954: synonym of Daphnella Hinds, 1844 Peratotoma Harris & Burrows, 1891: synonym of Philbertia Monterosato, 1884 Philbertia Monterosato, 1884: synonym of Raphitoma Bellardi, 1847 Pionotoma Kuroda, 1952: synonym of Buccinaria Kittl, 1887 Qii Zhang, 1995: synonym of Pseudodaphnella Boettger, 1895 Rhaphitoma: synonym of Raphitoma Bellardi, 1848 Speoides Kuroda & Habe, 1961: synonym of Spergo Dall, 1895 Teres Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1883: synonym of Teretia Norman, 1888 Tasmadaphne Laseron, 1954: synonym of Pleurotomella Verrill, 1872 (synonym) Turrhyssa Dall, 1924: synonym of Eucyclotoma Boettger, 1895 Watsonaria F. Nordsieck, 1968: synonym of Gymnobela Verrill, 1884
References
Vaught, K.C. (1989). A classification of the living Mollusca. American Malacologists: Melbourne, FL (USA). . XII, 195 pp
External links
Casey T.L. (1904) Notes on the Pleurotomidae with description of some new genera and species. Transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis, 14, 123–170
Gastropods.com for images Worldwide Mollusc Species Data Base: Raphitomidae P. Bouchet and A. Sysoex, Typhlosyrinx-like tropical deep-water turriform gastropods (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Conoidea); JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY, 2001, 35, p. 1693-1715 Fedosov, Alexander E., and Nicolas Puillandre. "Phylogeny and taxonomy of the Kermia–Pseudodaphnella (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Raphitomidae) genus complex: a remarkable radiation via diversification of larval development." Systematics and Biodiversity 10.4 (2012): 447-477 Fassio, Giulia, et al. "An assessment of Raphitoma and allied genera (Neogastropoda: Raphitomidae)." Journal of Molluscan Studies (2019)