Turkestan is a region in Central Asia historically populated by Turkic peoples.
Turkestan or Turkistan may also refer to: Turkistan Region, a province in Kazakhstan Turkistan (city), its administrative capital Russian Turkestan, a region in Russia Chinese Turkestan or East Turkestan, a region in China Afghan Turkestan, a region in Afghanistan Turkestan Province, a former province in Afghanistan Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, a former republic in the Soviet Union Turkestan Military District, a former district in Russian Central Asia Reichskommissariat Turkestan, a projected Reichskommissariat proposed by ideologist Alfred Rosenberg for Nazi Germany to create in the Central Asian Republics of the Soviet Union
Former countries First East Turkestan Republic Second East Turkestan Republic Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, in the Soviet Union Turkestan Autonomy