Bodø Air Station is a military air base of the Royal Norwegian Air Force (RNoAF) located in the town of Bodø in Bodø Municipality, Nordland county, Norway.
The base is home for a detachment of AgustaWestland AW101 search and rescue (SAR) helicopters of the 330 Squadron.
The base was, until 2022, the home base for NATO's Quick Reaction Alert (QRA) mission. The mission is now carried out by F-35s from Evenes Air Station, located in Nordland county. Bodø serves as the main air station for Northern Norway and shares its runway with Bodø Airport.
The first airfield was a simple wooden runway built in May 1940 by Allied forces during the Norwegian Campaign (8 April–10 June 1940) of World War II. The airfield was quickly bombed by the Luftwaffe, who chose to build a new airport in the same location. It remained in German use until 1945, when it was taken over by the RNoAF. Upgradation to North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) standards started in 1950, and fighters have been stationed at Bodø since 1955. Aircraft previously stationed are the F-84 Thunderjet, the F-86 Sabre and the F-104 Starfighter. The air station will be closed with the delivery of the F-35 Lightning II, and only the SAR detachment will remain.
History
World War II The first military aircraft to land in Bodø was a Hansa-Brandenburg aircraft of the Royal Norwegian Navy Air Service which landed in July 1922. From the mid-1930s, regular seaplane flights were started from Bodø to Southern Norway.Utgård: 13 Two military Tiger Moth aircraft were sent from Trøndelag to scout the Bodø area for a possible site to land aircraft, and landed at Rønvikjordene. From 1935 additional aircraft missions were carried out to the area. In 1939 a plan for establishing airports in Nordland was made, which included a main air station at Bardufoss and five other smaller airport, including Rønvik. At the time of the break-out of World War II in Norway in April 1940, construction had yet to start. At the time both Germany and the United Kingdom believed that there was an airport in Bodø.Utgård: 14
During the Norwegian Campaign, the German troops were isolated in Narvik and the Allies decided to build an airport in the yet unoccupied Bodø area to allow air raids against German troops in a flanking maneuver in combination with Bardufoss Air Station, located in Troms county. A airstrip made of peat and nets was built at Hernes in the course of twelve days in May. During construction German aircraft practiced landing on the strip, flying just above.Utgård: 15 A detachment of the Royal Air Force's 263 Squadron with sixteen Gloster Gladiator aircraft was stationed at Bodø from 21 May and 46 Squadron with eight Hawker Hurricane.Utgård: 16 The aircraft were used for raids on German aircraft in Saltdalen and evacuate Allied soldiers in Rognan on 26 May. The following day, ten German Junkers Ju 87, escorted by four Messerschmitt Bf 110, bombed the airport. In the evening the Luftwaffe bombed not only the rest of the airport, but also the town.Utgård: 18
German forces captured Bodø on 1 June and immediately started preparing for a new airstrip. By August a runway was finished and the work was completed by April 1941 with a runway, in addition to various buildings. The need for the airport was both to counteract Allied raids and to allow reinforcements for a planned attack on the Soviet Union. At first fighters and reconnaissance aircraft were stationed at Bodø, but later also bombers.Utgård: 22 From January to April 1942 the Luftwaffe dispatched the 7th Squadron of the Jagdgeschwader 5 to Bodø, consisting of fifteen Messerschmitt Bf 109.Utgård: 23
New squadrons, largely of Ju 87s, were stationed in Bodø. However, there were no Allied raids, so the aircraft were sent to the Murmansk Front. Throughout the war the Wehrmacht built "Festung Bodø", consisting of army, navy and air force installations, including starting work on a concrete runway to replace the wooden runway. From the fall of 1944, Bodø again received an increasing number of aircraft, as Germany moved their fleet northwards following Finnish capitulation. Up to forty fighters plus other aircraft were stationed at the airport.Utgård: 26 When Germany capitulated on 8 May 1945 there were thirty aircraft at the airport.Utgård: 27
Reestablishment
Upon the German capitulation, the airport was taken over by the Norwegian Armed Forces. At first the airport was staffed by Germans, but operations were quickly taken over by Norwegians. All but a few Fiesler Storch aircraft were destroyed by the RAF.Utgård: 31 The Air Force decided to keep the airport operational and stationed thirty men for its operation. It was mostly used as a layover for aircraft flying between Bardufoss and Værnes Air Station.Utgård: 34 During this period, the airport consisted of an officers' mess, two barracks, three hangars, a fire station, an air traffic control building and some smaller buildings. Some of the wood was used for reconstruction, and by 1948 the runway was .Utgård: 38
After the war, there was military agreement that Bardufoss should be the main air station for Northern Norway, and Bodø would not station any aircraft. The Air Force saw the strategic advantage of a second air station in Northern Norway, although it was at first the civilian needs for an airport that were most interested in an upgrade of Bodø.Utgård: 43 By 1949, internal notes within the Air Force were discussing the possibilities of moving the command center for the Air Force in Northern Norway to Bodø.Utgård: 44 During 1948, following incidents such as the Czechoslovak coup d'état of 1948, the Berlin Blockade and increased Soviet pressure on Finland, the Norwegian government increased military spending, and Norway became a founding member of NATO the following year.Utgård: 46
Norway thus shifted its military strategy towards holding the country until allied forces could be dispatched. Northern Norway became a central part of this strategy because of NATO's north flank in the Norway–Soviet Union border, and Norway planned to have two fighter squadrons and one reconnaissance squadron in the north. The Ministry of Defense awarded NOK 3.7 million in 1950 to expand Bodø's runway to ,Utgård: 47 with construction starting in October.Utgård: 50 The rest of the air station was designed through a main plan which was completed on 30 July 1951. The civilian sector was placed north of the runway, on the town side, while the military sector was placed south.Utgård: 51
The military expropriated the entire peninsula south of the runway. The location of the airport was at the time controversial, mostly because of expropriation of agricultural land. Alternative locations were considered such as at Straumøya and Fauskemyrene, but Bodø was preferred by civilian authorities because of its proximity to the town. Later, two other major concerns, which were not evident at the time, would arise. First, the air station's occupation of the central location meant that Bodø would spread out west-east, giving a less compact cityscape. Second, introduction of new aircraft would create significant noise pollution.Utgård: 165
Funding was increased further from 1951, as it was considered as an advance on common alliance infrastructure, resulting in a further NOK 5.5 million for Bodø.Utgård: 52 The following year the government decided to acquire the F-84 Thunderjet, which required a longer runway than was being installed. Civilian traffic commenced on 12 May 1952.Utgård: 53 The first detachment of aircraft were stationed during the exercise Main Brace from 13 to 25 September, before the base was completed.Utgård: 54 Parliament decided in 1952 that Bodø would become the main air station for Northern Norway and that Air Force Command for Northern Norway would move from Bardufoss on 1 July 1953. The first aircraft to be stationed at Bodø was a Bell 47 in May 1954, and two new de Havilland Canada DHC-3 Otters from July.Utgård: 56 Bodø was found ready to host squadrons in 1955, and was allocated the 331 and 334 Squadrons of F-84Gs previously based at Sola Air Station. The 334 moved to Bodø in mid July, while 331 moved in late August.Utgård: 63 A ground-controlled approach system was installed at Bodø in 1955.Arheim: 57
Parallel to the construction of the air station, air defense batteries were built at nine locations, including batteries at Skipsholmen, Geitvågen, Landbruksskolen, Hernesskagen and Bestemorsenga. Several of these were upgrades of existing German installations.Utgård: 59 The air defense was completed in 1953.Utgård: 60 It became part of the Air Force in 1958, and L70 batteries were installed.Utgård: 69 Construction of a base in Bodin Municipality was completed in July 1954, which was used for training.Utgård: 61 From 1959, a troop of M24 Chaffee tanks were stationed at Bodin to strengthen the air defense.Utgård: 75 Housing for enlisted crew and their families was secured through prefabricated fourplexes which were built in town. Later, additional housing was constructed, in part through housing cooperatives.Utgård: 65 A network of radar stations was built throughout Northern Norway in the late 1950s. These were from 1956 headquartered at Hernes, which included one of two command and reporting centers for the region.Utgård: 76
Cold War The F-84s were replaced by the F-86 Sabre in mid and late 1958. During two periods in 1958 and 1959 the runway was extended further, and the aircraft were for these periods stationed at Bardufoss and Andøya Air Station.Utgård: 79 A support wing was transferred from Skattøra in 1959 and consisted of two Bell 47, two Sikorsky H-19 and five Otters.Utgård: 97 From 20 August 1960, the 334 Squadron replaced its F-86F with F-86K, which included radar and were thus better suited for reconnaissance. As there was need for additional fighters in Bodø, the 339 Squadron of F-86Ks was transferred from Gardermoen Air Station in September.Utgård: 84 With these realignments, the air station was rebuilt and expanded to handle more aircraft.Utgård: 87
In case a war broke out between NATO and the Soviet Union, the fighter aircraft stationed in Bodø were to support NATO's Atomic Strike Plan, which would see US Strategic Air Command (SAC) bomber aircraft drop nuclear warheads over the base of the Soviet Northern Fleet.Jaklin: 134 Norwegian fighter pilots trained on techniques for dropping nuclear bombs,Jaklin: 135 but the battle plans called for them to be used for reconnaissance and precision bombing of radar and communications targets with conventional bombs.Jaklin: 136 With the introduction of intercontinental ballistic missiles, SAC's interest for Bodø dwindled from 1959.Jaklin: 138
Norway agreed in 1955 that both US and UK reconnaissance flights could operate out of Bodø and other northern airports, given they not violate Soviet air space.Jaklin: 154 American U-2 aircraft, used for high-altitude reconnaissance over Soviet territory, were first operated out of Bodø in 1958.Utgård: 88 The U-2 shoot-down on 1 May 1960, where the aircraft was heading for Bodø,Utgård: 89 had a severe negative impact on Norway's relations both with the Soviet Union and the United States. In the aftermath, Soviet First Secretary Nikita Khrushchev threatened to bomb Bodø Main Air Station as he regarded it as a strategic target. This was the first Soviet threat of targeting Norway with nuclear weapons.Jaklin: 149