The heaviest land mammal is the African bush elephant, which has a weight of up to . It measures at the shoulder and consumes around of vegetation a day. Its tusks have been known to reach in length, although in modern populations they are most commonly recorded at a length of . The average walking speed of an elephant is , but they can run at recorded speeds of up to .Stanford News Service Stanford News Service Retrieved April 3, 2016

Heaviest extant land mammals Rank Common name Image Family TaxonomyClassification Mass 1African bush elephantElephantidaeLoxodonta africana This is the range for 90% of the male population; see Table 8.2Asian elephantElephantidaeElephas maximus: E. m. indicus, E. m. maximus, E. m. sumatranus, E. m. borneensisWood, The Guinness Book of Animal Facts and Feats. Sterling Pub Co Inc. (1983), 3African forest elephantElephantidaeLoxodonta cyclotis4White rhinocerosRhinocerotidaeCeratotherium simum: Ceratotherium simum cottoni, C. s. simum5HippopotamusHippopotamidaeHippopotamus amphibius: H. a. amphibius, H. a. kiboko, H. a. capensis, H. a. tschadensis, H. a. constrictus Adult range (males plus females; see Supplementary Discussion on page 15 of Supplementary Material); note mean mass = 1,495 kg.6Indian rhinocerosRhinocerotidaeRhinoceros unicornisBoitani, Luigi, Simon & Schuster's Guide to Mammals. Simon & Schuster/Touchstone Books (1984), Weights are for captive males; see page 1.7Black rhinocerosRhinocerotidaeDiceros bicornis: D. b. minor, D. b. michaeli, D. b. longipes See page 2.8Javan rhinoceros RhinocerotidaeRhinoceros sondaicus9GiraffeGiraffidaeGiraffa camelopardalis: G. c. camelopardalis, G. c. reticulata, G. c. angolensis, G. c. antiquorum, G. c. tippelskirchi, G. c. rothschildi, G. c. giraffa, G. c. thornicrofti, G. c. peralta Male weight range, from Table 1.Owen-Smith, R. Norman, Megaherbivores: The Influence of Very Large Body Size on Ecology. Cambridge University Press (1992), 10GaurBovidaeBos gaurus: B. g. gaurus, B. g. readei, B. g. hubbacki11CattleBovidaeBos taurus, Bos indicus, Bos primigeniusFriend, John B., Cattle of the World, Blandford Press, Dorset, 197812American bisonBovidae Bison bison: B. b. athabascae, B. b. bison in wild, Male weight range, page 1. and a semidomesticated bull weighed .13Wild water buffaloBovidaeBubalus arnee See page 262. See page 104.14Wild yakBovidaeBos mutusHan Jianlin, M. Melletti, J. Burton, 2014, Wild yak (Bos mutus Przewalski, 1883), Ecology, Evolution and Behavior of Wild Cattle: Implications for Conservation, Chapter 1, p.203, Cambridge University Press15Giant elandBovidaeTaurotragus derbianus: T. d. derbianus, T. d. gigas16Water buffaloBovidaeBubalus bubalis17GayalBovidaeBos frontalis18European bisonBovidaeBison bonasusBoitani, Luigi, Simon & Schuster's Guide to Mammals. Simon & Schuster/Touchstone Books (1984), Burnie D and Wilson DE (Eds.), Animal: The Definitive Visual Guide to the World's Wildlife. DK Adult (2005), 19Sumatran rhinocerosRhinocerotidaeDicerorhinus sumatrensis20DromedaryCamelidaeCamelus dromedarius21Common elandBovidaeTaurotragus oryx: T. o. livingstonii, T. o. oryx, T. o. pattersonianus22Bactrian camelCamelidaeCamelus bactrianus, Camelus ferus23YakBovidaeBos grunniensBuchholtz, C. (1990). True Cattle (Genus Bos). pp. 386–397 in S. Parker, ed. Grzimek's Encyclopedia of Mammals, Volume 5. New York: McGraw-Hill Publishing Company. (quoted in Oliphant, M. (2003). Bos grunniens (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed 4 April 2009)24Polar bearUrsidaeUrsus maritimusHemstock, p. 425Brown bearUrsidaeUrsus arctos: U. a. arctos, U. a. collaris, U. a. beringianus, U. a. isabellinus, U. a. gobiensis, U. a. lasiotus, Ursus arctos marsicanus, U. a. syriacus, U. a. pruinosus, U. a. horribilis, U. a. gyas,U. a. middendorffi, U. a. sitkensis, U. a. stikeenensis, U. a. nelsoni, U. a. crowtheri

See also Largest organisms

Notes

References