Energy in Belarus

Most energy in Belarus is cheap fossil gas from Russia, and Belarus is a net energy importer. According to IEA, the energy import vastly exceeded the energy production in 2015, describing Belarus as one of the world's least energy sufficient countries in the world. Belarus imports oil from Russia, and sends back some refined products such as gasoline.

Total energy consumption (measured by total primary energy supply) in Belarus was 27.0 Mtoe in 2018, similar to consumption in Norway and Hungary. Primary energy use in Belarus was 327 TWh or 34 TWh per million persons in 2008.IEA Key energy statistics 2010 Page: Country specific indicator numbers from page 48

Primary energy use per capita in Belarus in 2009 (34 MWh) was slightly more than in Portugal (26 MWh) and about half of the use in Belgium (64 MWh) or Sweden (62 MWh).

Electricity consumed in 2021 was 32.67 billion kWh, 3,547 kWh per capita.

Overview + Energy in Belarus Population (million) Total energy supply (TWh) Production (TWh) Net Import (TWh) Electricity (TWh) CO2-emission (Mt) 1990 10.19 518.8 39.5 489.7 44.6 99.8 1991 10.19 504.3 41.1 464.8 44.8 96.2 1992 10.22 423.6 41.4 381.5 40.0 86.8 1993 10.24 360.5 38.2 322.3 35.3 75.4 1994 10.23 307.7 40.9 264.2 31.4 64.0 1995 10.19 281.1 39.4 251.2 28.4 56.9 1996 10.16 287.6 39.7 247.0 28.5 57.8 1997 10.12 287.9 39.7 261.1 29.9 58.2 1998 10.07 279.0 38.4 249.7 30.4 56.3 1999 10.03 275.0 42.1 237.8 30.1 54.1 2000 9.98 279.7 41.0 245.2 29.9 52.1 2001 9.93 279.9 42.3 244.8 29.9 50.9 2002 9.87 287.2 43.3 247.8 29.6 50.8 2003 9.80 295.4 41.9 257.6 30.0 51.4 2004 9.73 309.1 42.4 270.5 30.9 54.5 2005 9.66 308.1 44.6 266.5 31.4 55.0 2006 9.60 327.9 45.6 286.5 32.3 57.2 2007 9.56 321.0 46.4 275.6 32.4 55.7 2008 9.53 323.9 46.1 285.8 33.2 58.4 2009 9.51 303.8 45.7 257.5 31.4 55.3 2010 9.48 316.7 47.0 271.4 33.8 59.5 2011 9.46 333.5 48.7 285.3 34.4 56.4 2012 9.45 346.1 48.3 308.6 35.0 57.5 2013 9.44 308.9 46.4 273.4 34.5 57.5 2014 9.45 317.9 43.1 282.0 34.9 56.8 2015 9.46 290.1 41.7 248.7 33.8 52.6 2016 9.47 287.6 42.5 242.1 33.7 53.0 2017 9.46 293.6 46.1 251.5 34.2 54.0 2018 9.44 313.8 48.2 269.1 35.2 57.1 2019 9.42 303.5 50.8 256.8 35.4 55.4 2020 9.38 292.2 51.7 244.6 35.3 52.5 2021 9.30 317.2 70.2 248.1 38.1 53.1 2022 9.21 307.9 71.9 236.8 36.0 50.5 Change 1990-2022 -9.6% -40.6% 82.0% -51.6% -19.3% -49.4%

Power plants Name Region/city Capacity, MWУстановленная мощность, кВт Lukoml GRES Vitebsk Region 2,889 Byaroza GRES Brest Region 1,095 Minsk thermal No. 4 Minsk city 1,035 Minsk thermal No. 5 Minsk Region 719.6 Gomel thermal No. 2 Gomel city 544 Minsk thermal No. 3 Minsk city 442 Mogilev thermal No. 2 Mogilev city 347 Grodno thermal No. 2 Grodno city 302.5 Novopolotsk thermal Novopolotsk city 270 Mazyr thermal Mazyr city 205 Babruysk thermal No. 2 Babruysk city 182.6 Svietlahorsk thermal Svietlahorsk city 155 Minsk thermal No. 2 Minsk city 94 Viciebsk thermal Vitebsk city 80 Orsha thermal Orsha city 79.8 Barysaw thermal Barysaw city 65 Zhodzina thermal Zhodzina city 54 Lida thermal Lida city 43 Vitebsk hydro Vitebsk Region 40 Mogilev thermal No. 1 Mogilev city 38.5 Gomel thermal No. 1 Gomel city 37.3 Zhlobin thermal Zhlobin city 26.2 Pinsk thermal Pinsk city 22 Polotsk hydro Vitebsk Region 21.7 Mogilev thermal No. 3 Mogilev city 19.5 Baranavichy thermal Baranavichy city 18 Grodno hydro Grodno Region 17 Brest thermal Brest city 12 Babruysk thermal No. 1 Babruysk city 12

The Astravets Nuclear Power Plant became operational in 2020. In 2024, it produced 15.7 TWh of electricity generating up to 40% of the country's supply.

Natural gas The country is one of the world’s largest importers of natural gas with estimates for 2018 being about 17 Mtoe (20 billion cubic metres [bcm]) of natural gas, making it the leading importer among the so-called EU4Energy countries: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan. In 2018 almost all generated electricity came from natural gas (97%, or 39 terawatt hours [TWh]). In 1990, the IEA reported natural gas as constituting 52% of electricity generation, with oil generating 48%.

There are two large gas pipes running through Belarus, the Yamal–Europe pipeline and Northern Lights. In addition there is the Minsk–Kaliningrad Interconnection that connects to Kaliningrad.

In 2021 18.64 billion m3 were consumed with 0.06 billion produced, the rest imported.

Oil

Belarus is a large oil refiner, listed 36th in the world, at 19 Mt of oil products in 2018 by the IEA. It has two refineries and oil pipelines built during the Soviet era including the Mozyr Oil Refinery.

Oil consumed in 2021 amounted to 49.13m barrels with 12.52 m barrels produced, the rest imported.

Renewable energy

Renewable energy generation accounted for 6% of Belarus’s energy in 2018, rising to 8% in 2020, mostly from biofuels and waste. Renewables share in electricity generation was 2% in 2018 (0.8 TWh).

+Years in which the last three renewable power levels achieved AchievementYear AchievementYear AchievementYear 4% 1999 6% 2001 8% 2020 Renewable energy includes wind, solar, biomass and geothermal energy sources.

Storage Because non-nuclear thermal power plants are ramped up and down depending on heat requirements, and nuclear is not very flexible, increased battery storage has been suggested.

Subsidies Fossil fuelled heat is heavily subsidized.

Energy in Belarus

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