Xokleng or Laklãnõ is a Southern Jê language (Jê, Macro-Jê) spoken by the Xokleng people of Brazil. It is closely related to Kaingang.
Names Alternate names are Socré, Chocré, Xocren, Bugre, Botocudo, Aweicoma, Cauuba, Caahans, Caagua, Caaigua.
Phonology Vowels FrontCentralBackClosei ĩɨ ɨ̃u ũClose-mideəoOpen-midɛ ɛ̃ɔ ɔ̃Opena ã
Vowel off-glides may also be present in word-final position.
Consonants LabialDentalAlveolarPalatalVelarGlottalplainlab.Nasalm ~ ᵐbn ~ ⁿdɲŋ ~ ᵑɡŋʷ ~ ᵑɡʷStopptkkʷʔAffricatet͡ʃFricativev ~ wðhApproximantjLaterall
Nasal sounds /m, n, ŋ, ŋʷ/ are heard as prenasalized voiced-stops [ᵐb, ⁿd, ᵑɡ, ᵑɡʷ] when preceding oral vowel sounds and heard as nasal sounds [m, n, ŋ, ŋʷ] when preceding nasal vowels, or in nasal positions. /v/ can have an allophone of [w] in free variation, and can be heard as a nasal [ɱ] when preceding a nasal vowel or consonant sound. /ð/ may have an allophone of [θ] when following /k/, and as [z] in free variation in word-initial positions. /j/ is heard with an allophone of [d͡ʒ] when in nasal positions, or when preceding or following other palatal sounds. /l/ may be nasalized as [l̃] when in nasal positions.
References
External links Collections in the Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America